36,565 research outputs found
Ironing out the details: Untangling dietary iron and genetic background in diabetes
The search for genetic risk factors in type-II diabetes has been hindered by a failure to consider dietary variables. Dietary nutrients impact metabolic disease risk and severity and are essential to maintaining metabolic health. Genetic variation between individuals confers differences in metabolism, which directly impacts response to diet. Most studies attempting to identify genetic risk factors in disease fail to incorporate dietary components, and thus are ill-equipped to capture the breadth of the genome’s impact on metabolism. Understanding how genetic background interacts with nutrients holds the key to predicting and preventing metabolic diseases through the implementation of personalized nutrition. Dysregulation of iron homeostasis is associated with type-II diabetes, but the link between dietary iron and metabolic dysfunction is poorly defined. High iron burden in adipose tissue induces insulin resistance, but the mechanisms underlying adipose iron accumulation remain unknown. Hepcidin controls dietary iron absorption and distribution in metabolic tissues, but it is unknown whether genetic variation influencing hepcidin expression modifies susceptibility to dietary iron-induced insulin resistance. This review highlights discoveries concerning the axis of iron homeostasis and adipose function and suggests that genetic variation underlying dietary iron metabolism is an understudied component of metabolic disease
ING4 (inhibitor of growth family, member 4)
Review on ING4 (inhibitor of growth family, member 4), with data on DNA, on the protein encoded, and where the gene is implicated
Weakly nonlinear investigation of the Saffman-Taylor problem in a rectangular Hele-Shaw cell
We analyze the Saffman-Taylor viscous fingering problem in rectangular
geometry. We investigate the onset of nonlinear effects and the basic
symmetries of the mode coupling equations, highlighting the link between
interface asymmetry and viscosity contrast. Symmetry breaking occurs through
enhanced growth of sub-harmonic perturbations. Our results explain the absence
of finger tip-splitting in the early flow stages, and saturation of growth
rates compared with the predictions of linear stability.Comment: 42 pages, 5 figures, added references, minor changes, to appear in
Int. J. Mod. Phys. B (1998
Viscous fingering patterns in ferrofluids
Viscous fingering occurs in the flow of two immiscible, viscous fluids
between the plates of a Hele-Shaw cell. Due to pressure gradients or gravity,
the initially planar interface separating the two fluids undergoes a
Saffman-Taylor instability and develops finger-like structures. When one of the
fluids is a ferrofluid and a perpendicular magnetic field is applied, the
labyrinthine instability supplements the usual viscous fingering instability,
resulting in visually striking, complex patterns. We consider this problem in a
rectangular flow geometry using a perturbative mode-coupling analysis. We
deduce two general results: viscosity contrast between the fluids drives
interface asymmetry, with no contribution from magnetic forces; magnetic
repulsion within the ferrofluid generates finger tip-splitting, which is absent
in the rectangular geometry for ordinary fluids.Comment: 29 pages, 5 figures, Late
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