2,115 research outputs found
Drell-Yan plus missing energy as a signal for extra dimensions
We explore the search sensitivity for signals of large extra dimensions at
hadron colliders via the Drell-Yan process pp -> l+ l- + E_T(miss) X (l = e,mu)
where the missing transverse energy is the result of escaping Kaluza-Klein
gravitons. We find that one is able to place exclusion limits on the gravity
scale up to 560 GeV at the Fermilab Tevatron, and to 4.0 (3.3) TeV at the CERN
LHC, for n = 3 (4) extra dimensions.Comment: 5 pages, 2 PS figs, revised verseion to be published in Physics
Letters
Biliary tract cancer in male printers and typesetters in the European rare cancer case-control study.
MONDO: A tracker for the characterization of secondary fast and ultrafast neutrons emitted in particle therapy
Increased risk of malignant mesothelioma of the pleura after residential or domestic exposure to asbestos: a case-control study in Casale Monferrato, Italy.
The association of malignant mesothelioma (MM) and nonoccupational asbestos exposure is currently debated. Our study investigates environmental and domestic asbestos exposure in the city where the largest Italian asbestos cement (AC) factory was located. This population-based case-control study included pleural MM (histologically diagnosed) incidents in the area in 1987-1993, matched by age and sex to two controls (four if younger than 60). Diagnoses were confirmed by a panel of five pathologists. We interviewed 102 cases and 273 controls in 1993-1995, out of 116 and 330 eligible subjects. Information was checked and completed on the basis of factory and Town Office files. We adjusted analyses for occupational exposure in the AC industry. In the town there were no other relevant industrial sources of asbestos exposure. Twenty-three cases and 20 controls lived with an AC worker [odds ratio (OR) = 4.5; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.8-11.1)]. The risk was higher for the offspring of AC workers (OR = 7.4; 95% CI, 1.9-28.1). Subjects attending grammar school in Casale also showed an increased risk (OR = 3.3; 95% CI, 1.4-7.7). Living in Casale was associated with a very high risk (after selecting out AC workers: OR = 20.6; 95% CI, 6.2-68.6), with spatial trend with increasing distance from the AC factory. The present work confirms the association of environmental asbestos exposure and pleural MM, controlling for other sources of asbestos exposure, and suggests that environmental exposure caused a greater risk than domestic exposure
Renormalization Group Flows for Brane Couplings
Field theories in the presence of branes encounter localized divergences that
renormalize brane couplings. The sources of these brane-localized divergences
are understood as arising either from broken translation invariance, or from
short distance singularities as the brane thickness vanishes. While the former
are generated only by quantum corrections, the latter can appear even at the
classical level. Using as an example six-dimensional scalar field theory in the
background of a 3-brane, we show how to interpret such classical divergences by
the usual regularization and renormalization procedure of quantum field theory.
In our example, the zero thickness divergences are logarithmic, and lead
classically to non-trivial renormalization group flows for the brane couplings.
We construct the tree level renormalization group equations for these couplings
as well as the one-loop corrections to these flows from bulk-to-brane
renormalization effects.Comment: 16 pages, LaTeX. References and an appendix adde
Supergravity loop contributions to brane world supersymmetry breaking
We compute the supergravity loop contributions to the visible sector scalar
masses in the simplest 5D `brane-world' model. Supersymmetry is assumed to be
broken away from the visible brane and the contributions are UV finite due to
5D locality. We perform the calculation with N = 1 supergraphs, using a
formulation of 5D supergravity in terms of N = 1 superfields. We compute
contributions to the 4D effective action that determine the visible scalar
masses, and we find that the mass-squared terms are negative.Comment: 12 pages, LaTeX 2
Fermion Mass Hierarchies and Small Mixing Angles from Extra Dimensions
In this paper we study renormalization-group evolutions of Yukawa matrices
enhanced by Kaluza-Klein excited modes and analyze their infrared fixed-point
structure. We derive necessary conditions to obtain hierarchies between
generations on the fixed point. These conditions restrict how the fields in the
models can extend to higher dimension. Several specific mechanisms to realize
the conditions are presented. We also take account of generation mixing effects
and find a scenario where the mixing angles become small at low energy even
with large initial values at high-energy scale. A toy model is shown to lead
realistic quark mass matrices.Comment: 23 pages, 7 figures, LaTeX, a supplementary explanation and
references adde
Minimal Gaugino Mediation
We propose Minimal Gaugino Mediation as the simplest known solution to the
supersymmetric flavor and CP problems. The framework predicts a very minimal
structure for the soft parameters at ultra-high energies: gaugino masses are
unified and non-vanishing whereas all other soft supersymmetry breaking
parameters vanish. We show that this boundary condition naturally arises from a
small extra dimension and present a complete model which includes a new
extra-dimensional solution to the mu problem. We briefly discuss the predicted
superpartner spectrum as a function of the two parameters of the model. The
commonly ignored renormalization group evolution above the GUT scale is crucial
to the viability of Minimal Gaugino Mediation but does not introduce new model
dependence.Comment: LaTeX, 16 pages, 4 figures, running of the bottom and tau Yukawas
included, plots revise
Oblique Parameter Constraints on Large Extra Dimensions
We consider the Kaluza-Klein scenario in which gravity propagates in the
dimensional bulk of spacetime and the Standard Model particles are
confined to a 3-brane. We calculate the gauge boson self-energy corrections
arising from the exchange of virtual gravitons and present our results in the
-formalism. We find that the new physics contributions to , and
decouple in the limit that the string scale goes to infinity. The oblique
parameters constrain the lower limit on . Taking the quantum gravity
cutoff to be ,
-parameter constraints impose TeV for at the 1
level. -parameter constraints impose TeV for .Comment: Version to appear in PR
Indirect Collider Signals for Extra Dimensions
A recent suggestion that quantum gravity may become strong near the weak
scale has several testable consequences. In addition to probing for the new
large (submillimeter) extra dimensions associated with these theories via
gravitational experiments, one could search for the Kaluza Klein towers of
massive gravitons which are predicted in these models and which can interact
with the fields of the Standard Model. Here we examine the indirect effects of
these massive gravitons being exchanged in fermion pair production in \epem
annihilation and Drell-Yan production at hadron colliders. In the latter case,
we examine a novel feature of this theory, which is the contribution of gluon
gluon initiated processes to lepton pair production. We find that these
processes provide strong bounds, up to several TeV, on the string scale which
are essentially independent of the number of extra dimensions. In addition, we
analyze the angular distributions for fermion pair production with spin-2
graviton exchanges and demonstrate that they provide a smoking gun signal for
low-scale quantum gravity which cannot be mimicked by other new physics
scenarios.Comment: Corrected typos, added table and reference
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