Modular stem in total hip arthroplasty for patients with trochanter valgus deformity: surgical technique and case series.

BACKGROUND: Trochanter valgus deformity (TVD) is a rare condition of total hip arthroplasty (THA). Femoral osteotomy could be required in correcting the deformity to implant femoral stem in severe TVD. In this study, we described one unpublished technique of reverse sleeve of S-ROM to get through the complex situation. This study aimed to summarize and evaluate its technical challenges, safety and effectiveness. METHODS: From January 2006 to December 2014, we enrolled patients whose sleeves were implanted towards the great trochanter in THA with TVD. Their demographics, perioperative and postoperative information were recorded. To explore its indication, we measured and analyzed the ratio of greater trochanter/lesser trochanter (G/L ratio) and trochanter valgus angle (TVA). RESULTS: Twelve patients (1 male and 11 female, average age 42.30 ± 10.23) had mean follow-up of 6 years. Among them, only two patients had intraoperative femoral fracture. The survivorship of femoral prosthesis was 100%. The Harris hip score (HHS) increased from preoperative 34.31 ± 14.43 to postoperative 84.12 ± 11.33. All patients\u27 G/L ratio were larger than 1.50. CONCLUSIONS: The reverse sleeve of S-ROM was a reliable method for the patients with severe TVD, which brought satisfying clinical outcomes in mid-term follow-up

CoAnnotating: Uncertainty-Guided Work Allocation between Human and Large Language Models for Data Annotation

Annotated data plays a critical role in Natural Language Processing (NLP) in training models and evaluating their performance. Given recent developments in Large Language Models (LLMs), models such as ChatGPT demonstrate zero-shot capability on many text-annotation tasks, comparable with or even exceeding human annotators. Such LLMs can serve as alternatives for manual annotation, due to lower costs and higher scalability. However, limited work has leveraged LLMs as complementary annotators, nor explored how annotation work is best allocated among humans and LLMs to achieve both quality and cost objectives. We propose CoAnnotating, a novel paradigm for Human-LLM co-annotation of unstructured texts at scale. Under this framework, we utilize uncertainty to estimate LLMs' annotation capability. Our empirical study shows CoAnnotating to be an effective means to allocate work from results on different datasets, with up to 21% performance improvement over random baseline. For code implementation, see https://github.com/SALT-NLP/CoAnnotating

A Surgeon\u27s handedness in direct anterior approach-hip replacement.

BACKGROUND: The impact of handedness on clinical outcomes was easily overlooked in hip replacement. This study aimed to find whether the component positioning and hip function were affected by the handedness in total hip arthroplasty (THA) through direct anterior approach (DAA). METHODS: Total 102 patients who underwent bilateral DAA-THAs simultaneously between May 2016 and November 2018 in our institute were reviewed. All surgeries were operated by one right-handed surgeon. Their demographic, cup positioning, stem alignment, femoral stem fit, Harris hip score (HHS), intraoperative and postoperative complications were used to evaluate the role of handedness in DAA. RESULTS: The inclination of left cups was significantly larger than that of right cups (42.61 ± 7.32 vs 39.42 ± 7.19, p = 0.000). The stem fit of left femur was significantly larger than that of right femur (84.34 ± 4.83 vs 82.81 ± 6.07, p = 0.043). No significant differences in safe zone ratio, HHS and complications between bilateral hips were found. CONCLUSIONS: A surgeon\u27s handedness had significant impact on cup\u27s inclination and femoral stem fit in DAA-THA. However, there were no significant differences of cup malpositioning, stem alignment, hip function scores and complications between bilateral DAA-THAs

Push–pull type manganese (III) corroles

The synthesis of three low symmetry A2B type Mn(III)triarylcorroles with meso-aryl substituents that provide push–pull electron-donating and -withdrawing properties is reported. An analysis of the structure-property relationships for the optical and redox properties has been carried out through a comparison with the results of theoretical calculations. The results demonstrate that A2B type Mn(III)triarylcorroles interact strongly with cell-free circulating tumor deoxyribonucleic acid (ctDNA) in solution, and that the interaction constants are enhanced when a stronger electron-donating substituent is introduced at the 10-position of the meso-triarylcorrole ligand

Discovery of a Novel Nav1.7 Inhibitor From Cyriopagopus albostriatus Venom With Potent Analgesic Efficacy

Spider venoms contain a vast array of bioactive peptides targeting ion channels. A large number of peptides have high potency and selectivity toward sodium channels. Nav1.7 contributes to action potential generation and propagation and participates in pain signaling pathway. In this study, we describe the identification of μ-TRTX-Ca2a (Ca2a), a novel 35-residue peptide from the venom of Vietnam spider Cyriopagopus albostriatus (C. albostriatus) that potently inhibits Nav1.7 (IC50 = 98.1 ± 3.3 nM) with high selectivity against skeletal muscle isoform Nav1.4 (IC50 > 10 μM) and cardiac muscle isoform Nav1.5 (IC50 > 10 μM). Ca2a did not significantly alter the voltage-dependent activation or fast inactivation of Nav1.7, but it hyperpolarized the slow inactivation. Site-directed mutagenesis analysis indicated that Ca2a bound with Nav1.7 at the extracellular S3–S4 linker of domain II. Meanwhile, Ca2a dose-dependently attenuated pain behaviors in rodent models of formalin-induced paw licking, hot plate test, and acetic acid-induced writhing. This study indicates that Ca2a is a potential lead molecule for drug development of novel analgesics

Improvement of the Bondability of Wheat Straw Treated by Water Vapor Plasma for Bio-composites Manufacture

Wheat straw (WS) was first modified with water vapor plasma to enhance its interfacial bonding performance. The treatment effects during the entire exposing process were investigated in terms of surface wettability, physicochemical characteristics, and mechanical properties of glued test-pieces (three different forms) using contact angle analysis, free energy analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and shear strength analysis. The results showed that 180 s of plasma treatment time resulted in a low instantaneous and equilibrium contact angle of urea-formaldehyde (UF) – 40.8% and 46.5% lower, respectively, in comparison with that of the untreated WS exterior surface. Obvious etching morphology was observed on the WS surfaces and positive activation was detected, demonstrating a remarkable increase in the surface free energy and O/C ratio. With the water vapor plasma treatment, the use of electrochemical reaction to introduce polar groups and etching to produce glue nails, were effective methods for improving the bonding performance of the WS

Thermal Behavior and Kinetic Analysis of Enzymatic Hydrolysis Lignin and High-Density Polyethylene during Co-Pyrolysis

The thermal behaviors of enzymatic hydrolysis lignin (EHL), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), and their blend (50:50 wt.%) were revealed using thermogravimetric analysis coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR). A first-order reaction model (Coats-Redfern) and non-isothermal model-free method (Ozawa-Flynn-Wall) were applied to the TG experimental data to determine the pyrolysis kinetic parameters. The results showed that H2O and CO2 were first released from the EHL due to the degradation of the weakly linked side chains. The degradation of lateral chains, the breakage of aromatic series in the EHL structure, and the β scission of HDPE led to the formation of H2O, CO2, C=O, aromatics, alkanes, and alkenes. Low intensities of H2O, CO2, alkanes, and alkenes were also observed in the final pyrolysis stage due to the degradation of lignin groups. Interactions during co-pyrolysis were observed in the pyrolysis stages of 390 to 542 °C and 563 to 790 °C. The activation energy values of EHL, HDPE, and their blend obtained by the Coats-Redfern method were 48.0 to 94.4 kJ/mol, 230.2 kJ/mol, and 42.7 to 260.1 kJ/mol, respectively. When the Ozawa-Flynn-Wall method was applied, activation energy ranges of 121.4 to 243.7 kJ/mol, 143.5 to 335.9 kJ/mol, and 74.8 to 260.9 kJ/mol for EHL, HDPE, and their blend, respectively, were observed

Effect of Temperature on the Evolution of Physical Structure and Chemical Properties of Bio-char Derived from Co-pyrolysis of Lignin with High-Density Polyethylene

Bio-chars were produced by co-pyrolysis of lignin with high-density polyethylene at 350 °C, 450 °C, and 550 °C. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, automated surface area and pore size analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy were performed on bio-char to reveal the effect of temperature on its physical structure and chemical properties. All of the bio-chars demonstrated a highly disordered, turbostratic structure and exhibited a wide pore distribution. Dramatic losses of carbonyl, hydroxyl, and C-H groups indicated the development of condensed aromatic structure in the bio-chars. Specifically, biochar produced at 450 °C showed the highest degree of aromaticity, which is the relative content of aromatic structure with small fused rings and free radical concentration. This structure has more potential application in composite production and as solid fuel for its combustion or gasification. Moreover, biochar produced at 550 °C had the greatest porosity development, favoring its use as a precursor for activated carbon production

Electrospun Enzymatic Hydrolysis Lignin-Based Carbon Nanofibers as Binder-Free Supercapacitor Electrodes with High Performance

Carbon nanofibers consisting of Poly(acrylonitrile) (PAN) and enzymatic hydrolysis lignin (EHL) were prepared in the present study by electrospinning followed by stabilization in air and carbonization in N2 environment. The morphology and structure of the electrospun carbon nanofibers were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Roman, and the electrochemical performances were then evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)methods. When the amount of EHL was 60 wt. %, the as-prepared nanofibers have the smallest average diameter of 172 nm and the largest BET specific surface area of 675 m2/g without activating treatment. The carbon nanofiber electrode showed excellent specific capacitance of 216.8 F/g at the current density of 1 A/g, maintaining 88.8% capacitance retention after 2000 cycles. Moreover, the carbon nanofiber electrode containing 60 wt. % exhibited a smaller time constant (0.5 s) in comparison to that of carbon nanofibers in literatures. These findings suggest the potential use of EHL could be a practical as a sustainable alternative for PAN in carbon electrode manufacturing