59 research outputs found
Fed-CBS: A Heterogeneity-Aware Client Sampling Mechanism for Federated Learning via Class-Imbalance Reduction
Due to limited communication capacities of edge devices, most existing
federated learning (FL) methods randomly select only a subset of devices to
participate in training for each communication round. Compared with engaging
all the available clients, the random-selection mechanism can lead to
significant performance degradation on non-IID (independent and identically
distributed) data. In this paper, we show our key observation that the
essential reason resulting in such performance degradation is the
class-imbalance of the grouped data from randomly selected clients. Based on
our key observation, we design an efficient heterogeneity-aware client sampling
mechanism, i.e., Federated Class-balanced Sampling (Fed-CBS), which can
effectively reduce class-imbalance of the group dataset from the intentionally
selected clients. In particular, we propose a measure of class-imbalance and
then employ homomorphic encryption to derive this measure in a
privacy-preserving way. Based on this measure, we also design a
computation-efficient client sampling strategy, such that the actively selected
clients will generate a more class-balanced grouped dataset with theoretical
guarantees. Extensive experimental results demonstrate Fed-CBS outperforms the
status quo approaches. Furthermore, it achieves comparable or even better
performance than the ideal setting where all the available clients participate
in the FL training
Towards Collaborative Intelligence: Routability Estimation based on Decentralized Private Data
Applying machine learning (ML) in design flow is a popular trend in EDA with
various applications from design quality predictions to optimizations. Despite
its promise, which has been demonstrated in both academic researches and
industrial tools, its effectiveness largely hinges on the availability of a
large amount of high-quality training data. In reality, EDA developers have
very limited access to the latest design data, which is owned by design
companies and mostly confidential. Although one can commission ML model
training to a design company, the data of a single company might be still
inadequate or biased, especially for small companies. Such data availability
problem is becoming the limiting constraint on future growth of ML for chip
design. In this work, we propose an Federated-Learning based approach for
well-studied ML applications in EDA. Our approach allows an ML model to be
collaboratively trained with data from multiple clients but without explicit
access to the data for respecting their data privacy. To further strengthen the
results, we co-design a customized ML model FLNet and its personalization under
the decentralized training scenario. Experiments on a comprehensive dataset
show that collaborative training improves accuracy by 11% compared with
individual local models, and our customized model FLNet significantly
outperforms the best of previous routability estimators in this collaborative
training flow.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures, 5 tables, accepted by DAC'2
FADE: Enabling Federated Adversarial Training on Heterogeneous Resource-Constrained Edge Devices
Federated adversarial training can effectively complement adversarial
robustness into the privacy-preserving federated learning systems. However, the
high demand for memory capacity and computing power makes large-scale federated
adversarial training infeasible on resource-constrained edge devices. Few
previous studies in federated adversarial training have tried to tackle both
memory and computational constraints simultaneously. In this paper, we propose
a new framework named Federated Adversarial Decoupled Learning (FADE) to enable
AT on heterogeneous resource-constrained edge devices. FADE differentially
decouples the entire model into small modules to fit into the resource budget
of each device, and each device only needs to perform AT on a single module in
each communication round. We also propose an auxiliary weight decay to
alleviate objective inconsistency and achieve better accuracy-robustness
balance in FADE. FADE offers theoretical guarantees for convergence and
adversarial robustness, and our experimental results show that FADE can
significantly reduce the consumption of memory and computing power while
maintaining accuracy and robustness.Comment: Preprint versio
Spending and Hospital Stay for Melanoma in Hunan, China
ObjectiveThis study aimed to describe the economic burden of Chinese patients with melanoma in Hunan province of China, and to investigate the factors for hospitalization spending and length of stay (LOS) in patients undergoing melanoma surgery.MethodsData was extracted from the Chinese National Health Statistics Network Reporting System database in Hunan province during 2017–2019. Population and individual statistics were presented, and nonparametric tests and quantile regression were used to analyze the factors for spending and LOS.ResultA total of 2,644 hospitalized patients with melanoma in Hunan were identified. During 2017–2019, the total hospitalization spending was 1,817,869, accounting for 34.6% of the total expenditure. The median spending was 555–2,411] per capita, and the median LOS was 10 days (IQR: 5–18). A total of 1,104 patients who underwent surgery were further analyzed. The non-parametric tests and quantile regression showed that women were associated with less spending and LOS than men. In general, patients aged 46–65 and those with lesions on the limbs had higher hospitalization costs and LOS than other subgroups.ConclusionMelanoma causes heavy economic burdens on patients in Hunan, such that the median spending is close to 60% of the averagely annual disposable income. Middle-aged men patients with melanoma on the limbs present the highest financial burden of melanoma
Associations of polysocial risk score with incident rosacea: a prospective cohort study of government employees in China
BackgroundThe associations between single risk factors and incident rosacea have been reported, but the effects of social risk factors from multiple domains coupled remain less studied.ObjectivesTo quantify the influence of social determinants on rosacea comprehensively and investigate associations between the polysocial risk score (PsRS) with the risks of incident rosacea.MethodsThis was a prospective cohort study of government employees undertaken from January 2018 to December 2021 among participants aged >20 from five cities in Hunan province of China. At baseline, information was collected by a questionnaire and participants were involved in an examination of the skin. Dermatologists with certification confirmed the diagnosis of rosacea. The skin health status of participants was reassessed every year since the enrolment of study during the follow-up period. The PsRS was determined using the nine social determinants of health from three social risk domains (namely socioeconomic status, psychosocial factors, and living environment). Incident rosacea was estimated using binary logistic regression models adjusted for possible confounding variables.ResultsAmong the 3,773 participants who completed at least two consecutive skin examinations, there were 2,993 participants included in the primary analyses. With 7,457 person-years of total follow-up, we detected 69 incident rosacea cases. After adjustment for major confounders, participants in the group with high social risk had significantly raised risks of incident rosacea with the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) being 2.42 (95% CI 1.06, 5.55), compared to those in low social risk group.ConclusionOur findings suggest that a higher PsRS was associated with an elevated risk of incident rosacea in our study population
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