The efficacy of Botulinum toxin A in reducing muscle spasticity by different volumes of dilution

Objective: Spasticity is a speed-dependent increase in muscle tone associated with stiffness, enhanced osteotendinous reflexes, paresis, loss of fine motor control, and increased fatigue. The neural insult it self causes paresis, and the consequent immobilization of the paretic part of the body can cause adaptive shortening ofthe muscles and joint contractures. Infiltrative treatment with botulinum toxin typeA (BTX-A ) is effective, safe and with few side effects. Methods: 10 patients after different years of treatment with BTX-A of the brachial biceps (BB100U) and superficial flexor ofthe fingers (FSD 100U), show ed no clinical and instrumental efficacy; The functional benefit obtained in patients. is related to the evaluation of muscle changes evolved in spasticity and to the study of a treatment to prevent these changes

Gait Analysis in Parkinsonian Subjects with PISA Syndrome Subjected to Treatment with Botulinum Toxin

The aim was to evaluate the activation characteristics of the muscles involved in patients with Pisa Syndrome with surface electromy- ography (EMG) during walking after Botulinum Toxin TypeA treatment. Methods: 7 patients with Pisa Syndrome underwent Gait Analysis, according to the modified Davis protocol; Subsequently, the patients underwent myometric evaluation of the cervical dorsal and lumbar paravertebra lmuscles and were treated with Onabotulinum toxin typeA (BoTN/A); Conclusions: Our analysis highlights continuous muscle activity in the paravertebral muscles, especially contralateral to the flexion curve