Russia–Vietnam Economic Relations: State of the Art and Development Prospects

Introduction. The long-living and eventful Russia-Vietnam economic relations date back to the Council of Mutual Economic Assistance. Nowadays the continued deepening of these ties is occurring as part Eurasian integration. Goals. The article seeks to reveal further development prospects for bilateral relations and attempts an insight into the latter’s state of the art. Materials and methods. The work examines data from the UN Comtrade, Bank of Russia, Rosstat, Ministry of Internal Affairs, and those contained in Russian Statistical Yearbooks. Results. The recent years have witnessed a growing dynamics in trade cooperation between Russia and Vietnam. The paper notes it is trade in services plays a significant role in the interstate economic relations. The analysis of investment cooperation reveals an imbalance in investment flows in favor of Vietnam. The FDIs in oil production and trade have been identified as key investment endeavors. As for migration, Vietnam is defined as a donor country, and our analysis of migration flows shows the Russian Federation is simply not considered as a preferred destination for Vietnamese migrants. The article also pays attention to the change in the structure of Vietnam-to-Russia migration flow and articulates some underlying reasons. Conclusions. Despite the intensification of trade relations, none of the countries has implemented its export potential to the full. As for FDI cooperation, textile industry, wind power and IT sector stand out as promising areas. Another area for the development of bilateral relations is educational migration, since there is definitely still room for Russia to increase its attractiveness among Vietnamese youth

Cyclosporine-A Induced Gingival Overgrowth

Abstract Background. The link between the gingival overgrowth and cyclosporine pharmacokinetical variables, especially cyclosporine doses which appear to act as stimulator of the gingival proliferative changes, presents a field of interest of large number of researches. The existence of undefined association and/or interaction between the cyclosporine and periodontal variables, could be responsible for this type of gingival overgrowth. The aim of this study was to examine the correlation between the degree of gingival overgrowth, daily doses of cyclosporine A and parodontal parameters. Methods. 120 patients with renal transplants were included in this examination. The cohort was divided into a four groups according to the daily dose of cyclosporine (100, 125, 150, 175 mg). The degree of gingival overgrowth (GOI) was investigated, using a MacGaw index. The plaque index (PI), apical migration, total daily doses of cyclosporine and plasma concentration, was recorded for various groups and a prospective longitudinal follow -up was conducted. Results. Statistically significant correlation was found between GOI and cyclosporine dose ( =0,3; p< 0,01) and also with dental plaque ( = 0,6; p<0,01), gingival inflammation ( =0,3; p<0,01) and lost attachment ( = 0,1; p<0,05). The lost attachment varied significantly between groups, (p<0,05). Gingival inflammation index (GII) also differed among groups with different dose (p<0,01). Our findings showed differences in gingival overgrowth index between groups (p< 0,05). Conclusions. Our results show a positive correlation between gingival overgrowth and pharmacological parameters, especially the high doses (above 175 mg) of cyclosporine and also with parodontal parameters which lead to parodontal destructions. Additionally, we underlined the effect of local factors as a cofactor in the development of this side effect

CONVENTIONAL VERSUS LASER-ASSISTED THERAPY WITH AGGRESSIVE PERIODONTITIS

Aim of the study To evaluate tissue response in aggressive periodontitis (AgP) after conventional and conventional supplemented with laser-assisted therapy. Material and methods This study included 50 subjects with AgP, aged 10 -24 year, which were divided into two subgroups. Firs subgroup 25 subjects treated only with conventional therapy (CP) and second subgroup of 25 subjects which were treated with laser assisted therapy (CP-LA). Low-level diode laser (630-670 nm, 1.875 J/cm) was applied, each sextant for 4 minutes, Scorpion C- 405 7A (Optica Laser, Sofia, Bulgaria). The control group consisted of 20 individuals, aged 13-24 years, without signs of periodontal disease. Gingival tissue biopsies were obtained from the controls and from the study group before and after conventional and with laser assisted treatment. Tissue specimens were embedded in paraffin and cryostat procedures were performed. Results Gingival tissue specimens from study group compared to controls showed dense infiltrate. Subject with AgP revealed heterogeneous inflammatory infiltrate with dense and less dense areas. Almost equal values from quantitative measurements of connective tissue inflammatory infiltrate were obtained. Mean values for study group before treatment were 39,18± 14,02 . For the first subgroup mean values ranged 35,92± 14,02, and mean values for the second subgroup were 35.01 ± 13.25. Qualitative analysis in study group after conventional without and with lasser assistance revealed insignificant values of mononuclear and plasma cells and Russell bodies. Conclusions Laser application did not induce quantitaive nor qualitative changes in the gingival tissue inflammatory infiltrate in study group. On the basis of our findings we suggest that low level laser assisted therapy does not proof to be efficient in the treatment of aggressive periodontitis