58 research outputs found
Decentralized Stochastic Bilevel Optimization with Improved per-Iteration Complexity
Bilevel optimization recently has received tremendous attention due to its
great success in solving important machine learning problems like meta
learning, reinforcement learning, and hyperparameter optimization. Extending
single-agent training on bilevel problems to the decentralized setting is a
natural generalization, and there has been a flurry of work studying
decentralized bilevel optimization algorithms. However, it remains unknown how
to design the distributed algorithm with sample complexity and convergence rate
comparable to SGD for stochastic optimization, and at the same time without
directly computing the exact Hessian or Jacobian matrices. In this paper we
propose such an algorithm. More specifically, we propose a novel decentralized
stochastic bilevel optimization (DSBO) algorithm that only requires first order
stochastic oracle, Hessian-vector product and Jacobian-vector product oracle.
The sample complexity of our algorithm matches the currently best known results
for DSBO, and the advantage of our algorithm is that it does not require
estimating the full Hessian and Jacobian matrices, thereby having improved
per-iteration complexity.Comment: ICML 202
Data Hiding with Deep Learning: A Survey Unifying Digital Watermarking and Steganography
Data hiding is the process of embedding information into a noise-tolerant
signal such as a piece of audio, video, or image. Digital watermarking is a
form of data hiding where identifying data is robustly embedded so that it can
resist tampering and be used to identify the original owners of the media.
Steganography, another form of data hiding, embeds data for the purpose of
secure and secret communication. This survey summarises recent developments in
deep learning techniques for data hiding for the purposes of watermarking and
steganography, categorising them based on model architectures and noise
injection methods. The objective functions, evaluation metrics, and datasets
used for training these data hiding models are comprehensively summarised.
Finally, we propose and discuss possible future directions for research into
deep data hiding techniques
Case report: A novel 10.8-kb deletion identified in the β-globin gene through the long-read sequencing technology in a Chinese family with abnormal hemoglobin testing results
BackgroundThalassemia is a common inherited hemoglobin disorder caused by a deficiency of one or more globin subunits. Substitution variants and deletions in the HBB gene are the major causes of β-thalassemia, of which large fragment deletions are rare and difficult to be detected by conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods.Case reportIn this study, we reported a 26-year-old Han Chinese man, whose routine blood parameters were found to be abnormal. Hemoglobin testing was performed on the proband and his family members, of whom only the proband's mother had normal parameters. The comprehensive analysis of thalassemia alleles (CATSA, a long-read sequencing-based approach) was performed to identify the causative variants. We finally found a novel 10.8-kb deletion including the β-globin (HBB) gene (Chr11:5216601-5227407, GRch38/hg38) of the proband and his father and brother, which were consistent with their hemoglobin testing results. The copy number and exact breakpoints of the deletion were confirmed by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) and gap-polymerase chain reaction (Gap-PCR) as well as Sanger sequencing, respectively.ConclusionWith this novel large deletion found in the HBB gene in China, we expand the genotype spectrum of β-thalassemia and show the advantages of long-read sequencing (LRS) for comprehensive and precise detection of thalassemia variants
- …