The Impacts of Privacy Rules on Users' Perception on Internet of Things (IoT) Applications: Focusing on Smart Home Security Service

Department of Management EngineeringAs communication and information technologies advance, the Internet of Things (IoT) has changed the way people live. In particular, as smart home security services have been widely commercialized, it is necessary to examine consumer perception. However, there is little research that explains the general perception of IoT and smart home services. This article will utilize communication privacy management theory and privacy calculus theory to investigate how options to protect privacy affect how users perceive benefits and costs and how those perceptions affect individuals??? intentions to use of smart home service. Scenario-based experiments were conducted, and perceived benefits and costs were treated as formative second-order constructs. The results of PLS analysis in the study showed that smart home options to protect privacy decreased perceived benefits and increased perceived costs. In addition, the perceived benefits and perceived costs significantly affected the intention to use smart home security services. This research contributes to the field of IoT and smart home research and gives practitioners notable guidelines.ope

Empirical Research on Types and Service Attributes of Mobile Donation Applications

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Analysis of the Factors Influencing Body Weight Variation in Hanwoo Steers Using an Automated Weighing System

This study aimed to determine the factors affecting the body weight (BW) of Hanwoo steers by collecting a large number of BW measurements using an automated weighing system (AWS). The BW of 12 Hanwoo steers was measured automatically using an AWS for seven days each month over three months. On the fourth day of the BW measurement each month, an additional BW measurement was conducted manually. After removing the outliers of BW records, the deviations between the AWS records (a) and manual weighing records (b) were analyzed. BW measurement deviations (a − b) were significantly (p < 0.05) affected by month, day and the time within a day as well as the individual animal factor; however, unexplained random variations had the greatest impact (70.4%). Excluding unexplained random variations, the difference between individual steers was the most influential (80.1%). During the day, the BW of Hanwoo steers increased before feed offerings and significantly decreased immediately after (p < 0.05), despite the constant availability of feeds in the feed bunk. These results suggest that there is a need to develop pattern recognition algorithms that consider variations in individual animals and their feeding patterns for the analysis of BW changes in animals

Differential effects of dietary methionine isomers on broilers challenged with acute heat stress

In this study, we investigated the effect of methionine isomers (D- and L-methionine) on growth performance, blood metabolite levels, nutrient digestibility, intestinal morphology, and foot pad dermatitis in broilers challenged with acute heat stress. In total, 240 broilers were randomly allocated in a 2×2 factorial arrangement consisting of two dietary treatments (D- vs. L-methionine) and two thermal environmental conditions (thermo-neutral vs. acute heat stress). Methionine isomers were added to the diet as an ingredient according to the diet formulation. The broilers were exposed to acute heat stress at 33℃ for 5 h on day 14. The average daily gain and feed conversion ratio of birds fed L-methionine were higher than those fed D-methionine (P＜0.05) from the time of hatching till 21 days. Induced acute heat stress impaired (P＜0.05) the daily gain and feed intake of the broilers on day 21. Furthermore, the blood urea nitrogen levels of birds subjected to acute heat stress on days 14 and 21 were higher (P＜0.05) than those of their counterparts. Longer villi (P＜0.05) were observed in broilers fed L-methionine-supplemented diet than in those fed D-methionine-supplemented diet on day 14, irrespective of thermal environmental conditions. Heat stress reduced (P ＜0.01) nutrient digestibility of the broilers on days 14 and 21. Higher incidence and severity of foot pad dermatitis were observed (P＜0.05) in broilers fed diet containing D-methionine than in those fed L-methionine-supplemented diet. In conclusion, L-methionine-supplemented diet improved growth performance, overcame growth depression, and reduced the incidence of foot pad dermatitis when broilers were exposed to acute heat stress in the starter period

Diversity and Antimicrobial Resistance in the Streptococcus bovis/Streptococcus equinus Complex (SBSEC) Isolated from Korean Domestic Ruminants

S. bovis/S. equinus complex (SBSEC) includes lactic acid-producing bacteria considered as the causative agent associated with acute rumen lactic acidosis in intensive ruminants. Considering the limited information on the detailed characteristics and diversity of SBSEC in Korea and the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), we investigated the diversity of SBSEC from domestic ruminants and verified the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) against several antimicrobials with their phenotypic resistance. Among 51 SBSEC isolates collected, two SBSEC members (S. equinus and S. lutetiensis) were identified; sodA-based phylogenetic analyses and comparisons of overall genome relatedness revealed potential plasticity and diversity. The AMR rates of these SBSEC against erythromycin, clindamycin, and tetracycline were relatively lower than those of other SBSEC isolates of a clinical origin. An investigation of the ARGs against those antimicrobials indicated that tetracycline resistance of SBSECs generally correlated with the presence of tet(M)-possessing Tn916-like transposon. However, no correlation between the presence of ARGs and phenotypic resistance to erythromycin and clindamycin was observed. Although a limited number of animals and their SBSEC isolates were examined, this study provides insights into the potential intraspecies biodiversity of ruminant-origin SBSEC and the current status on antimicrobial resistance of the bacteria in the Korean livestock industry

Differential Effects of Dietary Methionine Isomers on Broilers Challenged with Acute Heat Stress

In this study, we investigated the effect of methionine isomers (D- and L-methionine) on growth performance, blood metabolite levels, nutrient digestibility, intestinal morphology, and foot pad dermatitis in broilers challenged with acute heat stress. In total, 240 broilers were randomly allocated in a 2×2 factorial arrangement consisting of two dietary treatments (D- vs. L-methionine) and two thermal environmental conditions (thermo-neutral vs. acute heat stress). Methionine isomers were added to the diet as an ingredient according to the diet formulation. The broilers were exposed to acute heat stress at 33°C for 5 h on day 14. The average daily gain and feed conversion ratio of birds fed L-methionine were higher than those fed D-methionine (P<0.05) from the time of hatching till 21 days. Induced acute heat stress impaired (P<0.05) the daily gain and feed intake of the broilers on day 21. Furthermore, the blood urea nitrogen levels of birds subjected to acute heat stress on days 14 and 21 were higher (P<0.05) than those of their counterparts. Longer villi (P<0.05) were observed in broilers fed L-methionine-supplemented diet than in those fed D-methionine-supplemented diet on day 14, irrespective of thermal environmental conditions. Heat stress reduced (P<0.01) nutrient digestibility of the broilers on days 14 and 21. Higher incidence and severity of foot pad dermatitis were observed (P<0.05) in broilers fed diet containing D-methionine than in those fed L-methionine-supplemented diet. In conclusion, L-methionine-supplemented diet improved growth performance, overcame growth depression, and reduced the incidence of foot pad dermatitis when broilers were exposed to acute heat stress in the starter period

Multi-algorithmic approach for detecting outliers in cattle intake data

Monitoring cattle feed intake is crucial for evaluating animal health, productivity, and farm profitability. In particular, an abnormal intake is related to the cattle activity. Therefore, outlier detection forms the basis for intake monitoring. This study employed multiple algorithms ranging from statistics to deep learning to detect outliers in time-series data of cattle intake. We used five models implementing mean + standard deviation, moving average, box plot, time series decomposition, and autoencoder, and attempted to enhance the detection performance by a voting system to combine more than one model. Both box plot and time-series decomposition demonstrated high accuracy (over 95 %) and F1-score (harmonic mean of precision and recall). Thus, it reliably distinguished normal values from outliers. Moving average exhibited a high true-skill statistic (TSS), thereby rendering it suitable for outlier detection. The voting system gave F1 and TSS scores of 0.49 and 0.65, respectively. Thus, it enhanced the detection performance compared with the individual model. These results demonstrate that the performance metrics vary depending on the type of algorithm. This, in turn, highlights the need to select algorithms adapted to the monitoring objectives. The algorithmic selection can be complemented by a voting system. This demonstrates its potential for generating a reliable database with accurate outlier detection and aiding decision-making by livestock producers

Donation via Mobile Applications: A Study of the Factors Affecting Mobile Donation Application Use

As smartphones are now widely used, new types of mobile donation applications have emerged. These new types of mobile donation applications transform giving into easy and convenient activities without interfering in users' daily schedules, and they enable users to keep donating. However, there is still a lack of research on these new types of mobile donation applications as a new venue of technology-mediated civic engagement. The purpose of this article is to investigate the important factors that affect people's continuance intention to use mobile donation applications. Based on previous studies of cause-related marketing, this study identifies four attributestype-cause fit, name-cause fit, cause involvement, and perceived effectivenessthat play an important role in mobile donation applications. Our survey results show that all four attributes have significant positive impacts on users' willingness to use mobile donation applications. The results of this study contribute to mobile application and donation research and provide guidelines for practitioners on the design and creation of mobile donation applications.clos