Electrochemical Performances of Electroactive Nano-Layered Organic-Inorganic Perovskite Containing Trivalent Iron Ion and its Use for a DNA Biosensor Preparation

A steady nano organic-inorganic perovskite hybrid with [H23-AMP]3/2Fe(CN)6 (3-AMP = 3-methylaminopyridine) was prepared in the air. The structure is an unusual layered organic-inorganic type. The resulting hybrid enveloped in paraffin to prepare [H23-AMP]3/2Fe(CN)6 paste electrode (HPE) shows good electrochemical activity and a couple of oxidation and reduction peaks with potential of cyclic voltammometry (CV) at around 440 mV and 30 mV. Compared with that on CPE, oxidation potential of Fe(CN)63− on HPE shifts negatively 259.7 mV and that of reduction shifts positively 338.7 mV, which exhibits that [H23-AMP]3/2Fe(CN)6 can accelerate the electron-transfer to improve the electrochemical reaction reversibility. Such characteristics of [H23-AMP]3/2Fe(CN)6 have been employed to prepare the DNA biosensor. The single-strand DNA (ssDNA) and double-strand DNA (dsDNA) immobilized on HPE, respectively, can improve the square wave voltammometry (SWV) current and SWV potential shifts positively. The effect of pH was evaluated. And there is hybridization peak on SWV curve using HPE immobilized ssDNA in the complementary ssDNA solution. And HPE immobilized ssDNA can be utilized to monitor the DNA hybridization and detect complementary ssDNA, covering range from 3.24 × 10−7 to 6.72 × 10−5 g/mL with detection limit of 1.57 × 10−7 g/mL. The DNA biosensor exhibits a good stability and reproducibility

Spatio-temporal analysis of malaria incidence at the village level in a malaria-endemic area in Hainan, China

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Malaria incidence in China's Hainan province has dropped significantly, since Malaria Programme of China Global Fund Round 1 was launched. To lay a foundation for further studies to evaluate the efficacy of Malaria Programme and to help with public health planning and resource allocation in the future, the temporal and spatial variations of malaria epidemic are analysed and areas and seasons with a higher risk are identified at a fine geographic scale within a malaria endemic county in Hainan.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Malaria cases among the residents in each of 37 villages within hyper-endemic areas of Wanning county in southeast Hainan from 2005 to 2009 were geo-coded at village level based on residence once the patients were diagnosed. Based on data so obtained, purely temporal, purely spatial and space-time scan statistics and geographic information systems (GIS) were employed to identify clusters of time, space and space-time with elevated proportions of malaria cases.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Purely temporal scan statistics suggested clusters in 2005,2006 and 2007 and no cluster in 2008 and 2009. Purely spatial clustering analyses pinpointed the most likely cluster as including three villages in 2005 and 2006 respectively, sixteen villages in 2007, nine villages in 2008, and five villages in 2009, and the south area of Nanqiao town as the most likely to have a significantly high occurrence of malaria. The space-time clustering analysis found the most likely cluster as including three villages in the south of Nanqiao town with a time frame from January 2005 to May 2007.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Even in a small traditional malaria endemic area, malaria incidence has a significant spatial and temporal heterogeneity on the finer spatial and temporal scales. The scan statistics enable the description of this spatiotemporal heterogeneity, helping with clarifying the epidemiology of malaria and prioritizing the resource assignment and investigation of malaria on a finer geographical scale in endemic areas.</p

Effects of Anacetrapib in Patients with Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease

BACKGROUND: Patients with atherosclerotic vascular disease remain at high risk for cardiovascular events despite effective statin-based treatment of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels. The inhibition of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) by anacetrapib reduces LDL cholesterol levels and increases high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels. However, trials of other CETP inhibitors have shown neutral or adverse effects on cardiovascular outcomes. METHODS: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving 30,449 adults with atherosclerotic vascular disease who were receiving intensive atorvastatin therapy and who had a mean LDL cholesterol level of 61 mg per deciliter (1.58 mmol per liter), a mean non-HDL cholesterol level of 92 mg per deciliter (2.38 mmol per liter), and a mean HDL cholesterol level of 40 mg per deciliter (1.03 mmol per liter). The patients were assigned to receive either 100 mg of anacetrapib once daily (15,225 patients) or matching placebo (15,224 patients). The primary outcome was the first major coronary event, a composite of coronary death, myocardial infarction, or coronary revascularization. RESULTS: During the median follow-up period of 4.1 years, the primary outcome occurred in significantly fewer patients in the anacetrapib group than in the placebo group (1640 of 15,225 patients [10.8%] vs. 1803 of 15,224 patients [11.8%]; rate ratio, 0.91; 95% confidence interval, 0.85 to 0.97; P=0.004). The relative difference in risk was similar across multiple prespecified subgroups. At the trial midpoint, the mean level of HDL cholesterol was higher by 43 mg per deciliter (1.12 mmol per liter) in the anacetrapib group than in the placebo group (a relative difference of 104%), and the mean level of non-HDL cholesterol was lower by 17 mg per deciliter (0.44 mmol per liter), a relative difference of -18%. There were no significant between-group differences in the risk of death, cancer, or other serious adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with atherosclerotic vascular disease who were receiving intensive statin therapy, the use of anacetrapib resulted in a lower incidence of major coronary events than the use of placebo. (Funded by Merck and others; Current Controlled Trials number, ISRCTN48678192 ; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01252953 ; and EudraCT number, 2010-023467-18 .)

Positive Solutions for Two-Point Semipositone Right Focal Eigenvalue Problem

Krasnoselskii's fixed-point theorem in a cone is used to discuss the existence of positive solutions to semipositone right focal eigenvalue problems , , , , , where , is fixed, is continuous with for some positive constant .</p

Positive Solutions of Two-Point Right Focal Eigenvalue Problems on Time Scales

<p/> <p>We offer criteria for the existence of positive solutions for two-point right focal eigenvalue problems <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1847-2007-087818-i1.gif"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1847-2007-087818-i2.gif"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1847-2007-087818-i3.gif"/></inline-formula> where <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1847-2007-087818-i4.gif"/></inline-formula> are fixed and <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1847-2007-087818-i5.gif"/></inline-formula> is a time scale.</p

Positive Solutions for Two-Point Semipositone Right Focal Eigenvalue Problem

Krasnoselskii's fixed-point theorem in a cone is used to discuss the existence of positive solutions to semipositone right focal eigenvalue problems (−1)n−pu(n)(t)=λf(t,u(t),u'(t),…,u(p−1)(t)), u(i)(0)=0, 0≤i≤p−1, u(i)(1)=0, p≤i≤n−1, where n≥2, 1≤p≤n−1 is fixed, f:[0,1]×[0,∞)p→(−∞,∞) is continuous with f(t,u1,u2,…,up)≥−M for some positive constant M

Positive Solutions of Two-Point Right Focal Eigenvalue Problems on Time Scales

We offer criteria for the existence of positive solutions for two-point right focal eigenvalue problems (−1)n−pyΔn(t)=λf(t,y(Ãn−1(t)),yΔ(Ãn−2(t)),…,yΔp−1(Ãn−p(t))), t∈[0,1]∩T,yΔi(0)=0, 0≤i≤p−1,yΔi(Ã(1))=0, p≤i≤n−1, where λ>0, n≥2,1≤p≤n−1 are fixed and T is a time scale

Existence of Positive Solutions for Semipositone Higher-Order BVPS on Time Scales

We offer conditions on semipositone function f(t,u0,u1,&#x02026;,un-2) such that the boundary value problem, u&#x00394;n(t)+f(t,u(&#x003c3;n-1(t)),u&#x00394;(&#x003c3;n-2(t)),&#x02026;,u&#x00394;n-2(&#x003c3;(t)))=0, t&#x02208;(0,1)&#x02229;&#x1D54B;, n&#x02265;2, u&#x00394;i(0)=0, i=0,1,&#x02026;,n-3, &#x003b1;u&#x00394;n-2(0)-&#x003b2;u&#x00394;n-1(0)=0, &#x003b3;u&#x00394;n-2(&#x003c3;(1))+&#x003b4;u&#x00394;n-1(&#x003c3;(1))=0, has at least one positive solution, where &#x1D54B; is a time scale and f(t,u0,u1,&#x02026;,un-2)&#x02208;C([0,1]&#x000d7;&#x211D;[0,&#x0221e;)n-1,&#x211D;(-&#x0221e;,&#x0221e;)) is continuous with f(t,u0,u1,&#x02026;,un-2)&#x02265;-M for some positive constant M

Asymptotic behavior of a regime-switching SIR epidemic model with degenerate diffusion

Abstract In this paper, we consider a stochastic SIR epidemic model with regime switching. The Markov semigroup theory will be employed to obtain the existence of a unique stable stationary distribution. We prove that, if Rs0 $\mathcal{R}^{s}>0$ and β(i)>α(i)(ε(i)+γ(i)) $\beta(i)>\alpha(i)(\varepsilon(i)+\gamma(i))$, i∈S $i\in\mathbb{S}$, the densities of the distributions of the solution can converge in L1 $L^{1}$ to an invariant density

Postoperative peroneal nerve palsy after ENT surgery: A case report

AbstractPostoperative peroneal nerve palsy mostly occurs under general anesthesia. Here, we report a rare case of an 11-year-old girl with peroneal nerve palsy following ENT surgery in the supine position under general anesthesia. Further, we describe the etiology and pathogenesis of peroneal nerve palsy post-operation in the supine position. Finally, it was concluded that clinicians need knowledge to prevent postoperative peroneal nerve palsy following surgery