1 research outputs found
Apparatus for receiving activated coal at mini thermal power plants
ΠΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π° Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π² Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π° ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ, Ρ.Π΅. Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈ-Π’ΠΠ‘, ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°, ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π±Π»ΠΈΠ·Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ. Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ: ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ³Π»Ρ Π½Π° ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈ-Π’ΠΠ‘. ΠΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ:Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ³Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΡ Π² ΠΊΠΈΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ΅. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ: Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΡΠΉ Π² ΠΊΠΈΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ΅, ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Ρ, ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΡ Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ³Π»Ρ Π½Π° ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈ-Π’ΠΠ‘. Π ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΠ° ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° Ρ ΠΊΠΈΠΏΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌ. ΠΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ Π³Π΅ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ° Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Π° Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ° Ρ Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΡΡΠ³Π»ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ, Π²ΠΎΠ³Π½ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΊ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡ. Π£Π³ΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· Π·Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΡΠ±ΠΎΠΊ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π° Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ΅, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ° ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ° Π½Π° Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ³Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ΅ ΡΡΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²Π΄ΠΎΠΎΠΆΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π³Π°Π·Ρ, Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΡ ΡΠ³ΠΎΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΉ Π² ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²Π΄ΠΎΠΎΠΆΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ°, Π° ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²Π΄ΠΎΠΎΠΆΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡ, ΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ³ΠΎΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΡΠΈ Π² ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²Π΄ΠΎΠΎΠΆΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ΅, ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ: Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Π° Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ΅Π»Π° ΡΡΡΡΠΈ,ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄Ρ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ.The relevance of the research is caused by the need to develop technological solutions and hardware design for production of by-pro- ducts at small distributed energy facilities. The majority of small energy objects described in the literature and presented on the market are focused on generation of heat and electrical energy, i.e. on operation of the cogeneration principle. Obtaining by-products by thermal processing of solid fuels allows optimizing the system for production of heat and electricity at mini thermal power plants, improving fuel efficiency, solving environmental problems, and providing valuable chemical products to nearby areas and consumers. The main aim of the research is to develop the design and carry out the calculation of the apparatus of low power to obtain activated carbon at mini thermal power plants. Object: the apparatus of low power for obtaining activated carbon by thermal processing of solid carbon-containing raw materials in the fluidized bed. Methods: hydrodynamic calculation of non-isothermal jets in a fluidized bed, heat calculation, calculation of parameters of the gas distribution grid. Results. The authors have developed the design of a low-power apparatus for producing activated carbon at mini thermal power plant and chose the design of a fluidized bed reactor as a prototype of the installation. The activator is a sealed apparatus with a perforated gas distribution grid. For the considered activator, the simplest perforated grating with a vertical orientation of round holes concave toward the center was chosen. Coal enters from the top through the loading nozzle and is distributed by a layer on the gas distribution grid, steam is supplied to the activation of coal in a jet fluidization mode through the nozzles. Hot gases - the products of fuel combustion - are fed under the grate and bring the layer into a fluidized state. The authors carried out the hydrodynamic and thermal calculations of the apparatus, namely, they determined the critical velocity of the onset of fluidization, the degree of expansion of the bed, the flow rate of combustion products, the calculation of the isothermal jet in the fluidized bed, the parameters of the gas distribution grid: the length of the gas jet, the area of the cross section of the lattice