Data fusion of multi-sensor for IOT precise measurement based on improved PSO algorithms

AbstractThis work proposes an improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) method to increase the measurement precision of multi-sensors data fusion in the Internet of Things (IOT) system. Critical IOT technologies consist of a wireless sensor network, RFID, various sensors and an embedded system. For multi-sensor data fusion computing systems, data aggregation is a main concern and can be formulated as a multiple dimensional based on particle swarm optimization approaches. The proposed improved PSO method can locate the minimizing solution to the objective cost function in multiple dimensional assignment themes, which are considered in particle swarm initiation, cross rules and mutation rules. The optimum seclusion can be searched for efficiently with respect to reducing the search range through validated candidate measures. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed improved PSO method for multi-sensor data fusion is highly feasible for IOT system applications

Weighted Shift Matrices: Unitary Equivalence, Reducibility and Numerical Ranges

An $n$-by-$n$ ($n\ge 3$) weighted shift matrix $A$ is one of the form [{array}{cccc}0 & a_1 & & & 0 & \ddots & & & \ddots & a_{n-1} a_n & & & 0{array}], where the $a_j$'s, called the weights of $A$, are complex numbers. Assume that all $a_j$'s are nonzero and $B$ is an $n$-by-$n$ weighted shift matrix with weights $b_1,..., b_n$. We show that $B$ is unitarily equivalent to $A$ if and only if $b_1... b_n=a_1...a_n$ and, for some fixed $k$, $1\le k \le n$, $|b_j| = |a_{k+j}|$ ($a_{n+j}\equiv a_j$) for all $j$. Next, we show that $A$ is reducible if and only if $A$ has periodic weights, that is, for some fixed $k$, $1\le k \le \lfloor n/2\rfloor$, $n$ is divisible by $k$, and $|a_j|=|a_{k+j}|$ for all $1\le j\le n-k$. Finally, we prove that $A$ and $B$ have the same numerical range if and only if $a_1...a_n=b_1...b_n$ and $S_r(|a_1|^2,..., |a_n|^2)=S_r(|b_1|^2,..., |b_n|^2)$ for all $1\le r\le \lfloor n/2\rfloor$, where $S_r$'s are the circularly symmetric functions.Comment: 27 page

Photoelastic Modulated Imaging Ellipsometry

Photoelastic modulator (PEM)-based ellipsometry employed either lock-in amplifiers or the Fourier analysis technique to obtain the ellipsometric parameters almost in real-time that makes the system with a feature of fast measurement speed, higher stability, and sensitivity at small retardations. Since the PEM modulation frequency is too high to compare it with the exposure time of the camera, photoelastic modulator–based approach is not applicable for a two-dimensional ellipsometric measurement. Here, we represent a novel technique that coordinates with the light pulses and PEM modulation that can freeze the time-varied signals. Thus, two-dimensional ellipsometric parameters can be obtained within few seconds. In addition to ellipsometric measurement, this approach also can be extended to other imaging polarimetry measurements, such as Stokes parameters and Mueller matrix. Moreover, since the chromatic dispersion of birefringence was also a significant issue in the polarization modulation systems, we proposed an equivalent phase retardation technique to deal with this issue. This technique was confirmed by a dual wavelength measurement result without changing the optical configuration of the system. The concept and the theory of this system were indicated in the preceding section, and the passage below described some calibration issues for the photoelastic modulator. Some measurement results were revealed in the final part of this chapter

A Microcantilever-based Gas Flow Sensor for Flow Rate and Direction Detection

The purpose of this paper is to apply characteristics of residual stress that causes cantilever beams to bend for manufacturing a micro-structured gas flow sensor. This study uses a silicon wafer deposited silicon nitride layers, reassembled the gas flow sensor with four cantilever beams that perpendicular to each other and manufactured piezoresistive structure on each micro-cantilever by MEMS technologies, respectively. When the cantilever beams are formed after etching the silicon wafer, it bends up a little due to the released residual stress induced in the previous fabrication process. As air flows through the sensor upstream and downstream beam deformation was made, thus the airflow direction can be determined through comparing the resistance variation between different cantilever beams. The flow rate can also be measured by calculating the total resistance variations on the four cantilevers.Comment: Submitted on behalf of EDA Publishing Association (http://irevues.inist.fr/handle/2042/16838

Differentiation of Foot-and-Mouth Disease-Infected pigs from Vaccinated Pigs Using Antibody-Detecting Sandwich ELISA

The presence of serum antibodies for nonstructural proteins of the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) can differentiate FMDV-infected animals from vaccinated animals. In this study, a sandwich ELISA was developed for rapid detection of the foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) antibodies; it was based on an Escherichia coli-expressed, highly conserved region of the 3ABC nonstructural protein of the FMDV O/TW/99 strain and a monoclonal antibody derived from the expressed protein. The diagnostic sensitivity of the assay was 98.4%, and the diagnostic specificity was 100% for naïve and vaccinated pigs; the detection ability of the assay was comparable those of the PrioCHECK and UBI kits. There was 97.5, 93.4 and 66.6% agreement between the results obtained from our ELISA and those obtained from the PrioCHECK, UBI and CHEKIT kits, respectively. The kappa statistics were 0.95, 0.87 and 0.37, respectively. Moreover, antibodies for nonstructural proteins of the serotypes A, C, Asia 1, SAT 1, SAT 2 and SAT 3 were also detected in bovine sera. Furthermore, the absence of cross-reactions generated by different antibody titers against the swine vesicular disease virus and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) was also highlighted in this assay's specificit

New Plasma Separation Glucose Oxidase-based Glucometer in Monitoring of Blood With Different PO2 Levels

BackgroundThe PalmLab glucometer is a newly designed plasma separation glucose oxidase (GO)-based glucometer. Past studies have shown that the accuracy of GO-based glucometers is compromised when measurements are taken in patients with high PO2 levels. We performed a two-arm study comparing the fitness of the PalmLab blood glucometer with that of a standard glucose analyzer in monitoring blood glucose levels in pediatric patients, especially when arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) was high.MethodsIn the first arm of the study, arterial blood samples from pediatric patients were measured by the PalmLab blood glucometer and the YSI 2302 Plus Glucose/Lactate analyzer. In the second arm of the study, venous blood samples from adult volunteers were spiked with glucose water to prepare three different levels of glucose (65, 150, and 300mg/dL) and then oxygenated to six levels of PO2 (range, 40–400mmHg). The biases of the PalmLab glucometer were calculated.ResultsA total of 162 samples were collected in the first arm of the study. Results of linear regression showed that the coefficient of determination (R2) between PalmLab glucometer and standard glucose analyzer was 0.9864. Error grid analysis revealed that all the results were within Zone A (clinically accurate estimate zone). The biases between the two systems were low at different PO2 levels. In the second arm of the study, the results were also unaffected by changes in PO2.ConclusionThe PalmLab glucometer provides accurate results in samples with high PO2 and is suitable for measuring arterial glucose levels in pediatric patients

Common-mode noise reduction schemes for weakly coupled differential serpentine delay microstrip lines

This paper proposes design schemes to reduce the common mode noise from weakly coupled differential serpentine delay microstrip lines (DSDMLs). The proposed approach is twofold: we leverage strongly coupled vertical-turn-coupled traces (VTCTs) instead of weakly coupled VTCTs (conventional pattern) and add guard traces. Time- and frequency-domain analyses of the proposed schemes for reducing the common-mode noise are performed by studying the transmission waveform and the differential-to-common mode conversion using the circuit solver HSPICE and the 3-D full-wave simulator HFSS, respectively. Compared to the conventional design of the weakly coupled DSDMLs, the proposed solutions yield a reduction of about 54% of the peak-to-peak amplitude of the common-mode noise, while the differential impedance remains matched along the complete length of the DSDML. Moreover, the range of frequencies, over which the magnitude of the differential-to-common mode conversion is now significantly reduced, is very wide, i.e. about 0.3-10 GHz. Furthermore, the differential insertion and reflection loss introduced by the newly proposed designs are almost the same as the ones achieved by using the conventional design. Finally, a favorable comparison between simulated and measured results confirms the excellent common-mode noise reduction performance of the proposed schemes