Improvement of lumbar spine function in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis by spinal endoscopic bilateral decompression of the spinal canal with unilateral interlaminar approach

Objective To analyze the effect of spinal endoscopic unilateral interlaminar approach with bilateral decompression of the spinal canal in the improvement of lumbar spine function in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). Methods A total of 82 patients with LSS admitted in Songjiang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from August 2021 to August 2023 were selected and divided using the randomized numerical table method, in which 41 patients were treated with spinal endoscopic percutaneous interlaminar approach decompression of the spinal canal (control group), and 41 patients were treated with spinal endoscopic unilateral interlaminar approach bilateral decompression of the spinal canal (study group). The surgical indexes, lumbar spine function, pain level, imaging indexes, microinflammatory factors of the spinal canal, oxidative stress indexes, therapeutic effects and complications were compared between the two groups. Results Compared with the control group, the study group had a shorter operation time and bedtime, less intraoperative bleeding, lower herniation encroachment ratio and higher spinal canal area (P＜0.05). At 24 h after surgery, in study group, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) , interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-1α, serum malondialdehyde (MDA) were lower than those of the control group (P＜0.05), while the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were higher than those of the control group (P＜0.05). The excellent rate of MacNab in the study group was higher than that in the control group (92.68% vs 75.61%, χ2=4.479, P＜0.05), and the total incidence of complications was lower than that in the control group (4.88% vs 19.51%, χ2=4.100, P＜0.05). Conclusion Both percutaneous intervertebral foraminal approach and unilateral interlaminar approach have good therapeatic effects in LSS patients, but spinal endoscopic unilateral interlaminar approach with bilateral decompression of the spinal canal is better, which is conducive to the improvement of lumbar spine function, reduce the degree of lumbar pain, spinal canal microinflammatory injury and oxidative stress injury, and reduce complications, and the clinic can be further popularized and applied

Stability Assessment of Deep Three-Soft Outburst Coal Seam Roof Based on Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process

The stability of deep “three-soft” coal seam roof has always been a key issue in coal mining. There are a lot of factors affecting the stability of deep three-soft coal seam outburst roof. However, there is currently no definite method able to draw an accurate assessment conclusion on roof stability. In order to accurately determine the main influencing factors of the stability of deep three-soft coal seam outburst roof and reduce the loss of coal production, this paper performed three-soft coal seam risk identification on Lugou Mine based on the introduction of the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process theory. 23 main risk factors were identified. Then, it established a hierarchical structure model of coal seam roof stability in accordance with experts’ opinions. The analytic hierarchy process was used to calculate the weights of indicators at all levels. Next, the paper used the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method and expert scoring to evaluate various risk factors in the indicator system, as well as the overall safety level. The results showed that the deep three-soft coal seam stability of Lugou Mine ranks the third hazard level. The main risk and harmful factors include safety awareness, safety monitoring system, roof weakness, ventilation system, fire-fighting system, and rock bolt quality. In response to the evaluation results, this paper formulated corresponding control measure in terms of ventilation risk, safety monitoring risks, construction personnel risks, and fire protection risk to reduce losses in the mining process, providing a new evaluation method for the stability assessment of deep outburst coal seam roof

The influence of different cutting parameters on the glass edge quality

The influence of different cutting parameters on the glass edge quality was investigated, including the cutter material, the sharpening angle of the cutting roll, the cutting speed and the load applied to the roll. The results show that there are less defects on the edge of the glass cut by diamond cutter. There is no obvious influence of cutting speed on the glass edge quality. The cutter with a smaller sharpening angle is more applicable for the cutting of thin glass, and the thick glass is more suitable to use a bigger sharpening angle cutter. Higher cutting load is helpful for the breaking of the glass along the cutting line. However, it may cause more defects on the edge and the surface of the glass

Acoustic Emission Experimental Research of the Damage Characteristics of Raw Coal under Different Loading and Unloading Rates

In this study, triaxial load failure experiments of coal samples under different strain rates and different confining pressure unloading rates were carried out using an RTX-1000 rock triaxial apparatus, and the acoustic emission characteristic parameters of a Micro-II acoustic emission imaging acquisition instrument were used to study the acoustic emission characteristics and damage deformation law of coals under different conditions. Damage models were constructed on the basis of the characteristic parameters to analyze the damage law of coal samples. Experimental results show that the acoustic emission (AE) counts and AE energy of the coal samples decrease, but the peak AE counts and peak AE energy increase with the increase in strain rates. The cumulative AE counts decrease from 9902 times to 6899 times, the peak counts increase from 209 times to 431 times, the cumulative AE energy decreases from 6986 aJ to 3786 aJ, and the peak AE energy increases from 129 aJ to 312 aJ. The overall level of the AE count rates and the AE energy of the coal samples decrease, but the peak AE counts and peak AE energy increase with the increase in unloading rates. The cumulative AE counts decrease from 18,689 times to 16,842 times, the peak AE count rates increase from 245 times/s to 535 times/s, the cumulative AE energy decreases from 9846 aJ to 7430 aJ, and the peak energy increases from 257 aJ to 587 aJ. The damage models are constructed on the basis of AE counts, and the comparative experimental and theoretical curves are analyzed to obtain a higher fitness close to 1. The damage threshold increases from 0.30 to 0.50 and from 0.34 to 0.55, and the damage amount increases from 0.50 to 0.60 and from 0.34 to 0.62 with the increase in strain rates and unloading rates. The research results have practical significance for revealing the mechanism of disaster occurrence in actual engineering excavation and proposing engineering measures to prevent coal rock damage and disaster occurrence

Combined reactor neutron beam and 60Co γ-ray radiation effects on CMOS APS image sensors

The combined reactor neutron beam and 60Co γ-ray radiation effects on complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) active pixel sensors (APS) have been discussed and some new experimental phenomena are presented. The samples are manufactured in the standard 0.35-μm CMOS technology. Two samples were first exposed to 60Co γ-rays up to the total ionizing dose (TID) level of 200 krad(Si) at the dose rates of 50.0 and 0.2 rad(Si)/s, and then exposed to neutron fluence up to 1 × 1011 n/cm2 (1-MeV equivalent neutron fluence). One sample was first exposed to neutron fluence up to 1 × 1011 n/cm2 (1-MeV equivalent neutron fluence), and then exposed to 60Co γ-rays up to the TID level of 200 krad(Si) at the dose rate of 0.2 rad(Si)/s. The mean dark signal (KD), the dark signal non-uniformity (DSNU), and the noise (VN) versus the total dose and neutron fluence has been investigated. The degradation mechanisms of CMOS APS image sensors have been analyzed, especially for the interaction induced by neutron displacement damage and TID damage