Disability Policies in France: Changes and Tensions between the Category-based, Universalist and Personalized Approaches

In this article, the authors show that the current French disability policy is traversed by conflicts between three different approaches to disability which came about at different periods in history. They begin by looking at the origins of disability policy in France. This policy was developed during the 20th century, from notions of repair, indemnification and compensation through rehabilitation. It became institutionalized in 1975, when two laws were passed, giving it the form of a category-based policy. Between 1970 and 2000, affected by the international situation, this policy came into conflict with a universalist policy. More recently there has been a desire to develop a personalized approach. Finally, the authors use two examples (taken from recent debates on the implementation in France of the new law of 11 February 2005) to show the tensions that have led to the coexistence of these three approaches within current disability policy

True heterotopic bone in the paralyzed patient

In past years the clinical and radiologic presentation of true heterotopic bone in the paralyzed patient has been confused with osteomyelitis, neoplasm, trauma, and thrombophlebitis. We reviewed 376 paralyzed patients' roentgenographic files and found 78 patients with soft tissue ossification unassociated with infection, neoplasm, or underlying fractures, which we called true heterotopic bone. From this population the usual spectrum of radiologic findings is described, so that the radiologist may separate roentgenographically a group of patients from other types of ectopic ossification.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/46816/1/256_2004_Article_BF00347167.pd

Seasonal acclimatization to temperature in cardueline finches

1. Seasonal variation in body constituents and utilization of lipid, protein, and carbohydrate during cold stress in American goldfinches were studied to determine relations of these functions to the pronounced seasonal shift in thermogenic capacity documented in a previous study (Dawson and Carey, 1976).Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/47119/1/360_2004_Article_BF00686746.pd

Intérêt de la fibroscopie dans les mycoses oesogastriques (à propos de 24 observations)

A l'occasion de 24 observations de mycoses oesogastriques découvertes au cours d'examens endoscopiques, les auteurs insistent sur l'augmentation de fréquence de telles formes du fait de l'extension de la pathologie provoquée par les thérapeutiques antibiotiques et corticoïdes. L'aspect de muguet oesophagien est caractéristique en endoscopie mais on peut trouver également des aspects non spécifiques où seuls les prélèvements pour culture sur milieux spéciaux mettent en évidence les levures responsables. Pour admettre la pathogénicité de l'infection mycotique, il faut que soient rassemblés un certain nombre de critères qui sont au complet dans us tiers des observations

Aspects psychologiques et dynamiques des handicaps

Weber D., Minaire P., Fourcade J., Chaigne M. O., Marandon E. Aspects psychologiques et dynamiques des handicaps. In: Bulletin de psychologie, tome 35 n°355, 1982. pp. 427-433