15,871 research outputs found
Peccei-Quinn invariant singlet extended SUSY with anomalous U(1) gauge symmetry
Recent discovery of the SM-like Higgs boson with GeV
motivates an extension of the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM),
which involves a singlet Higgs superfield with a sizable Yukawa coupling to the
doublet Higgs superfields. We examine such singlet-extended SUSY models with a
Peccei-Quinn (PQ) symmetry that originates from an anomalous gauge
symmetry. We focus on the specific scheme that the PQ symmetry is spontaneously
broken at an intermediate scale
by an interplay between Planck scale suppressed operators and tachyonic soft
scalar mass induced dominantly by the
-term, . This scheme also results in spontaneous SUSY breaking in the
PQ sector, generating the gaugino masses when it is
transmitted to the MSSM sector by the conventional gauge mediation mechanism.
As a result, the MSSM soft parameters in this scheme are induced mostly by the
-term and the gauge mediated SUSY breaking from the PQ sector, so
that the sparticle masses can be near the present experimental bounds without
causing the SUSY flavor problem. The scheme is severely constrained by the
condition that a phenomenologically viable form of the low energy operators of
the singlet and doublet Higgs superfields is generated by the PQ breaking
sector in a way similar to the Kim-Nilles solution of the problem, and
the resulting Higgs mass parameters allow the electroweak symmetry breaking
with small . We find two minimal models with two singlet Higgs
superfields, satisfying this condition with a relatively simple form of the PQ
breaking sector, and briefly discuss some phenomenological aspects of the
model.Comment: 30 pages, 2 tables, references added, version published in JHE
Values and Norms Matter – On the Basic Determinants of Long-Run Economic Development
Over the last couple of decades, it has become a commonplace to claim that “institutions matter” for economic development. Yet, institutions are not exogenous but the result of hu-man action. It is argued here that the values and norms held by substantial parts of society’s members are an important determinant of its institutions. It is further argued that values and norms have both a direct and an indirect effect on economic development: the direct effect materializes because the values and norms also contain the work ethic which, if transformed into behavior, should have direct consequences on economic development. The indirect effect is conjectured to work via the relevant institutions: if institutions are important for economic development and institutions are influenced by the values and norms, then this is a more indi-rect channel through which values and norms can display their impact.Institutions, Values and Norms, Democracy, Rule of Law, Culture, Social Capi-tal, Civil Society, Economic Development, Total Factor Productivity
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