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Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering (Environmental Science and Engineering)Gwangyang, Jinhae, Busan, and Ulsan Bay were designated as special management sea areas due to active industrial activities, and various pollutants, including heavy metals, were discharged, resulting in higher contamination of sediments than in other areas. Since heavy metals accumulated in sediments are released according to mobility and can have an adverse effect on the ecosystem depending on their mobility, various chemical forms should be considered to accurately evaluate their impact on the environment. In this study, 67 sediments were collected from four regions and extracted by applying BCR sequential extraction. After that, 11 heavy metals (Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, V, and Zn) in sediments were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES). Based on these results, the concentration and fraction distribution of heavy metals were investigated, characteristics of pollution patterns by region were identified, and ecological risk was evaluated using three indices such as individual contamination factor (ICF), risk assessment code (RAC), and modified potential ecological risk index (MRI). Cd and Mn had the highest concentration in Jinhae and Gwang bay, respectively, and showed the tendency to increase the F1 fraction as the concentration increased. Cu and Pb had the highest concentration in Busan bay and shows the tendency to increase the F2 fraction as the concentration increased. Zn also had the highest concentration in Busan bay, and as the concentration increased, the non-residual fraction increased. Other heavy metals had a high proportion of F4 fractions. Also, characteristics of pollution patterns were influenced by regional characteristics and industrial complexes, and it could be confirmed in correlation analysis and PCA. ICF showed that among the four regions, Cd had the highest ecological risk in Jinhae bay, Mn in Gwangyang bay, Cu and Zn in Busan bay, and Pb in Ulsan bay. Other heavy metals showed a low level of ecological risk in all regions. In RAC, among the 11 heavy metals, Cd and Mn showed higher mobility and bioavailability than other heavy metals. Especially in Jinhae bay, the ecological risk of Cd was the highest, and in other bays, Mn showed the highest ecological risk. In MRI, six sites (four sites in Jinhae bay and two sites in Busan bay) were evaluated as a moderate level of ecological risk, and Cd contributed the most to determining the MRI value in almost sites. It means Cd could adversely affect the aquatic environments in all regions. Therefore, it is needed to be careful of the ecological risk caused by Cd.ope

AMPK-Targeted Effector Networks in Mycobacterial Infection

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a key metabolic regulator, plays an essential role in the maintenance of energy balance in response to stress. Tuberculosis (TB), primarily caused by the pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), remains one of the most important infectious diseases worldwide, characterized by both high incidence and mortality. Development of new preventive and therapeutic strategies against TB requires a profound understanding of the various host-pathogen interactions that occur during infection. Emerging data suggest that AMPK plays an essential regulatory role in host autophagy, mitochondrial biogenesis, metabolic reprogramming, fatty acid β-oxidation, and the control of pathologic inflammation in macrophages during Mtb infection. As described in this review, recent studies have begun to define the functional properties of AMPK modulators capable of restricting intracellular bacteria and promoting host defenses. Several host defense factors in the context of AMPK activation also participate in autophagic and non-autophagic pathways in a coordinated manner to enhance antimicrobial responses against Mtb infection. A better understanding of these AMPK-targeted effector networks offers significant potential for the development of novel therapeutics for human TB and other infectious diseases

Dimerization-Induced Fermi-Surface Reconstruction in IrTe2

We report a de Haas-van Alphen (dHvA) oscillation study on IrTe2 single crystals showing complex dimer formations. By comparing the angle dependence of dHvA oscillations with band structure calculations, we show distinct Fermi surface reconstruction induced by a 1/5-type and a 1/8-type dimerizations. This verifies that an intriguing quasi-two-dimensional conducting plane across the layers is induced by dimerization in both cases. A phase transition to the 1/8 phase with higher dimer density reveals that local instabilities associated with intra-and interdimer couplings are the main driving force for complex dimer formations in IrTe2.X11149sciescopu

The complete mitochondrial genome of a Dokdo shrimp, Lebbeus groenlandicus

Lebbeus groenlandicus is a shrimp species indigenous to the Dokdo islands in the East Sea of Korea. We report the 17,399 bp mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of the species that consists of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs), 2 ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), and a control region (CR). A maximum-likelihood tree, constructed with 18 prawn and 45 shrimp mitogenomes, confirmed that L. groenlandicus occupies the most basal position within the Caridea infra-order and is closely related to Pandalidae shrimps

Performance analysis of GPS / Radar integrated navigation system

GPS is used in various navigation fields. However, visibility is lowered in such an environment as urban canyon, and navigation performance deteriorates due to the visibility, multipath effect. So, in order to improve navigation performance in this environment, methods of integration with other sensors have been studied. In this paper, we use radar to measure the range of the landmark with known position. An integration algorithm is designed using GPS pseudorange and radar measurement