3 research outputs found
Quantification of BNN27, a novel neuroprotective 17âspiroepoxy dehydroepiandrosterone derivative in the blood and retina of rodents, after single intraperitoneal administration
Abstract BNN27 is a novel 17âspiroepoxy derivative of the neurosteroid Dehydroepiandrosterone with neuroprotective properties. The purpose of this study was the detection and quantification of BNN27 after single intraperitoneal administration, in the serum and retina of normal rodents. Fortyâtwo C57BL/6 mice and 48 SpragueâDawley rats were used for the quantification of BNN27 in the blood serum and retina, respectively. BNN27 was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) at concentrations of 100 and 30 mg/kg of body weight (b.w.), respectively. The blood was collected with retroâorbital bleeding and the retina was isolated after enucleation at various time points. The molecule concentrations were measured with Liquid chromatographyâmass spectrometry (LCâMS). Nonâcompartmental analysis was used to determine pharmacokinetic parameters. BNN27 was found to have an elimination constant kel = 0.465 hâ1 and mean residence time (MRT) 2.154 h in the mouse serum. The maximum concentration (Cmax) in the retina was detected at 2 h (tCmax) after intraperitoneal administration and was equal to 1100 ng/g. BNN27 is rapidly eliminated from both blood and retina. In the retina specifically, it is undetectable 6 h after injection. BNN27 shows a rapid systemic elimination as anticipated by its small size and lipophilicity. It is measurable in small peripheral tissues such as the rat retina, after one single i.p. injection, using a simple method such as LCâMS. Its detection in the retina corroborates the existing biological data that the molecule crosses the bloodâretinal barrier, highlighting it as a potential neuroprotective agent for retinal disease
Contemporary Role of Embolization of Solid Organ and Pelvic Injuries in Polytrauma Patients
Abdominopelvic trauma (APT) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the 15- to 44-year-old age group in the Western World. It can be life-threatening as abdominopelvic organs, specifically those in the retroperitoneal space, can bleed profusely. APT is divided into blunt and penetrating types. While surgery is notably considered as a definitive solution for bleeding control, it is not always the optimum treatment for the stabilization of a polytrauma patient. Over the past decades, there has been a shift toward more sophisticated strategies, such as non-operative management of abdominopelvic vascular trauma for haemodynamically stable patients. Angiographic embolization for bleeding control following blunt and/or penetrating intra- and retroperitoneal injuries has proven to be safe and effective. Embolization can achieve hemostasis and salvage organs without the morbidity of surgery, and the development and refinement of embolization techniques has widened the indications for non-operative treatment in solid organ injury. Moreover, advances in computed tomography provided more efficient scanning times with improved image quality. While surgery is still usually recommended for patients with penetrating injuries, non-operative management can be effectively used as well as an alternative treatment. We review indications, technical considerations, efficacy, and complication rates of angiographic embolization in APT
Recommendations for Mechanical Thrombectomy in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke A Clinical Guide by the Hellenic Stroke Organization
This document presents the consensus recommendations of the Hellenic Stroke Organization which can be of assistance to the treating stroke physicians