Calicophoron daubneyi (Diginea: Paramphiszomidae): Účinnost anthelmintik u přirozeně infikovaného skotu

The effectiveness of anthelmintics in the treatment of paramphistomosis in farm animals in the Czech Republic has not been sufficiently investigated. This study was focused on selected breeds of beef cattle. Identification of Calicophoron daubneyi was performed by sedimentation and verified by PCR using the 5.8S rRNA gene. Animals were treated specifically for C. daubneyi infection only. Totally 400 positive animals were included in the study. The anthelmintic Closamectin (Closantel/Ivermectin) was evaluated as the most effective veterinary medicinal product with an efficiency of 80%, followed by Distocur (Oxyclozanid) with an efficiency of 78%, Aldifal (Albendazol) with an efficiency of 71% and Levatum Plus (Ivermectin/Clorsulon) with an efficiency of 62%.Účinnost anthelmintik při léčbě paramfistózy u hospodářských zvířat v České republice není dostatečně prozkoumána. Tato studie byla zaměřena na vybraná plemena masného skotu. Identifikace Calicophoron daubneyi byla provedena sedimentací a ověřena pomocí PCR s využitím genu 5,8S rRNA. Zvířata byla léčena specificky pouze na infekci C. daubneyi. Do studie bylo zařazeno celkem 400 pozitivních zvířat. Jako nejúčinnější veterinární léčivý přípravek bylo vyhodnoceno anthelmintikum Closamectin (Closantel/Ivermectin) s účinností 80 %, následované Distocurem (Oxyclozanid) s účinností 78 %, Aldifalem (Albendazol) s účinností 71 % a Levatum Plus (Ivermectin/Clorsulon) s účinností 62 %

Vliv četnosti přihrnování na chování zvířat, příjem sušiny a dojivost dojnic

This study evaluated the effect of different feed pushing-up frequencies on the behavior, dry matter intake and milk production of dairy cows in the first lactation. In each monitoring, 32 - 37 dairy cows of Czech spotted cattle at the peak of lactation were represented. After the feed was delivered to cows, the feed was pushed-up 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 times in 5 different frequencies within 12 hours. Each frequency was monitored for 1 month in four repetitions. The behavior of dairy cows during feeding was monitored for 15 minutes after the feed delivery and after each food pushing-up. We evaluated how often the dairy cows came to the feeding table, how they used mixed ration and milk production. The frequency of feed pushing-ups has shown an effect on the dairy cow\u27s milk yield. As a result of the 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 feed pushing-up frequencies, the average milk production per cow per day was 24.52; 25.84; 25.48; 25.78; 26.03 kg. Also feed conversion increased with the frequency of feed pushing-ups to 1.22; 1.29; 1.25; 1.30 and 1.30 kg of milk from 1 kg of received dry matter. TMR dry matter utilization increased by 1% on average.Tato studie hodnotila vliv různých četností přihrnutí krmiva na chování dojnic, příjem sušiny a mléčnou produkci dojnic na první laktaci. V každém sledování bylo zastoupeno 32 - 37 dojnic českého strakatého skotu na vrcholu laktace. Bylo zvoleno 5 frekvencí přihrnutí krmiva během 12 hodin od jeho založení. Počet přihrnutí byl 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. Doba sledování každé frekvence byla 1 měsíc ve čtyřech opakováních. Chování dojnic během krmení bylo sledováno po dobu 15 minut od založení krmiva a každého přihrnutí. Hodnocena byla návštěvnost dojnic u krmného stolu, využití směsné krmné dávky dojnicí a produkce mléka. Frekvence přihrnování krmiva prokázala vliv na mléčnou užitkovost dojnice. Průměrná produkce mléka na kus a den činila 24,52; 25,84; 25,48; 25,78; 26,03 kg pro frekvence přihrnutí 2, 3, 4, 5 a 6. Konverze krmiva se zvýšila s četností přihrnutí na 1,22; 1,29; 1,25; 1,30; 1,30 kg mléka z 1 kg přijaté sušiny. Využití sušiny TMR se v průměru zvýšilo o 1%

Burden of non-communicable diseases among adolescents aged 10–24 years in the EU, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2019

Background Disability and mortality burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have risen worldwide; however, the NCD burden among adolescents remains poorly described in the EU. Methods Estimates were retrieved from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019. Causes of NCDs were analysed at three different levels of the GBD 2019 hierarchy, for which mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) were extracted. Estimates, with the 95% uncertainty intervals (UI), were retrieved for EU Member States from 1990 to 2019, three age subgroups (10–14 years, 15–19 years, and 20–24 years), and by sex. Spearman's correlation was conducted between DALY rates for NCDs and the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) of each EU Member State. Findings In 2019, NCDs accounted for 86·4% (95% uncertainty interval 83·5–88·8) of all YLDs and 38·8% (37·4–39·8) of total deaths in adolescents aged 10–24 years. For NCDs in this age group, neoplasms were the leading causes of both mortality (4·01 [95% uncertainty interval 3·62–4·25] per 100 000 population) and YLLs (281·78 [254·25–298·92] per 100 000 population), whereas mental disorders were the leading cause for YLDs (2039·36 [1432·56–2773·47] per 100 000 population) and DALYs (2040·59 [1433·96–2774·62] per 100 000 population) in all EU Member States, and in all studied age groups. In 2019, among adolescents aged 10–24 years, males had a higher mortality rate per 100 000 population due to NCDs than females (11·66 [11·04–12·28] vs 7·89 [7·53–8·23]), whereas females presented a higher DALY rate per 100 000 population due to NCDs (8003·25 [5812·78–10 701·59] vs 6083·91 [4576·63–7857·92]). From 1990 to 2019, mortality rate due to NCDs in adolescents aged 10–24 years substantially decreased (–40·41% [–43·00 to –37·61), and also the YLL rate considerably decreased (–40·56% [–43·16 to –37·74]), except for mental disorders (which increased by 32·18% [1·67 to 66·49]), whereas the YLD rate increased slightly (1·44% [0·09 to 2·79]). Positive correlations were observed between DALY rates and SDIs for substance use disorders (rs=0·58, p=0·0012) and skin and subcutaneous diseases (rs=0·45, p=0·017), whereas negative correlations were found between DALY rates and SDIs for cardiovascular diseases (rs=–0·46, p=0·015), neoplasms (rs=–0·57, p=0·0015), and sense organ diseases (rs=–0·61, p=0·0005)