Multi-label classification using ensembles of pruned sets

This paper presents a Pruned Sets method (PS) for multi-label classification. It is centred on the concept of treating sets of labels as single labels. This allows the classification process to inherently take into account correlations between labels. By pruning these sets, PS focuses only on the most important correlations, which reduces complexity and improves accuracy. By combining pruned sets in an ensemble scheme (EPS), new label sets can be formed to adapt to irregular or complex data. The results from experimental evaluation on a variety of multi-label datasets show that [E]PS can achieve better performance and train much faster than other multi-label methods

Between state and market: The relationship between non-profit housing organisations and the state in three national contexts

This paper presents the results of an international collaborative study5 of non-profit housing; one of the main alternatives to public housing developed in many countries. The study involved researchers6 in three countries using a common methodology to engage the leaders of non-profit organisations themselves in the research process. The paper draws on earlier work on the hybridisation of social housing provision and the competing logics of state, market and third sector. It explores the hypothesis that despite the rhetoric of independence from government and the discourse of social enterprise, the relationship of non-profits with the state has been one of the key influences on the scope for action and forms of hybridity in each country studied. It uses a modified Delphi methodology to collect information from leaders of non-profit housing organisations in three countries about how their organisations are negotiating hybrid influences on their strategy and operations. This method involves collation of responses to scaled surveys from panels of 20-31 organisations in each country, playing back the results to the participants and follow up depth interviews with samples of respondents to explore and interpret the meanings of their responses7. The paper is intended to provoke comments8 on the approach by displaying preliminary findings in relation to state influences on hybridity; reflecting on methodology and drawing out some tentative conclusions in relation to the paper’s hypothesis. Contrary to Koppell’s (2001) warning in another domain of housing hybrids, it appears that state influence and control over social housing hybrids remains a key influence on their scope and actionOTB ResearchArchitecture and The Built Environmen

Between state and market: Non-profit housing organisations in three national contexts

This paper presents the results of an international collaborative study5 of non-profit housing involving researchers6 in three countries using a common methodology to engage the leaders of non-profit organisations themselves in the research process. The paper draws on earlier work on the hybridisation of social housing provision and the competing logics of state, market and third sector. It explores the hypothesis that despite the rhetoric of independence from government and the discourse of social enterprise, the relationship with the state has been one of the key influences on scope for action and hybridity in each country studied. It uses a modified Delphi methodology to collect information from leaders of non-profit housing organisations in three countries about how their organisations are negotiating these hybrid influences on their strategy and operations. This method involves collation of responses to scaled surveys from panels of 20-31 organisations in each country, playing back the results to the participants and follow up depth interviews with samples of respondents to explore and interpret the meanings of their responses7. The paper is intended to elicit comments on the approach by displaying preliminary findings in relation to state influences on hybridity; reflecting on methodology and drawing out some tentative conclusions in relation to the paper’s hypothesis. Contrary to Koppell’s (2001) warning in another domain of housing hybrids, it appears that state influence and control over social housing hybrids remains a key influence on their scope and action.OTB ResearchArchitecture and The Built Environmen

Facilitating investment in affordable housing: Towards an Australian model. Draft

This paper argues that sustainable and affordable finance provides a crucial pillar to support the provision of affordable housing in the long term. This finance can take on a variety of forms, comprising grants, public loans, commercial loans as well as shareholder equity. It can be facilitated by various forms of collateral, government guarantees, mortgage insurance and tax privileges, often involving a specialist financial intermediary. Importantly, how this pillar is constructed influences the scale, pace and quality of housing outcomes generated. Unlike many other countries, Australia has not established a long term vehicle to channel institutional investment into housing, despite clearly inadequate public and private low cost supply, a situation that has been recognised by numerous reviews, such as the National Housing Strategy (1991-1992) and the Affordable Housing National Research Consortium (2001). The use of government bonds for this purpose has been a consistent feature of proposals by the research community (inc. Yates, 1994; Hall et al, 2001; Lawson and Milligan, 2007). This paper revisits the case for housing bond financing in Australia and supplements it with analysis of similar but well established bond financed schemes operating successfully in Austria and Switzerland. This analysis provides an exploratory basis for outlining necessary features of a bond financed model that would be appropriate for Australian conditions to support the sustainable growth of social housing and the broadening of affordable housing options for low and middle income households.Housing SystemsOTB Research Institut

The old and the new: Comparing strategic positioning of third sector housing organisations in the Netherlands and Australia

Housing Quality and Process InnovationOTB Research Institute for the Built Environmen