7,491 research outputs found
âYour Kids or Your Jobâ: Navigating Low Wage Work and Parenting in Contexts of Poverty
Contexts of poverty seem to magnify vulnerabilities in mothers, especially women who have few resources for coping and little support in parenting. Adding to the challenges of poverty are government mandates to move women off of welfare into the workforce. Focusing on the experiences of four mothers who moved from welfare into the low-wage workforce and then back to unemployment, this study offers a description of how these mothers and their adolescent children navigate and make sense of low-wage work, family life, and cumulative disadvantage
Resilience, play space and adaptive behaviors among children in homeless shelters : a test of alternative models
In this study, two models of the relationship between resilience, play space, and adaptive behaviors among children in homeless shelters were tested. The analysis design involved a two factor ANOVA examining main and interaction effects of resilience (high vs. low, dichotomized at median of scale distribution) and play space (presence vs. absence). An interaction effect would have supported the hypothesis of the Dynamic Resilience Theory, which stated that in the presence of available play space, no difference between children with more or less resilience resilience was anticipated. In the absence of available play space, it was anticipated that more resilient children would be more at risk for behavior problems than those with less resilience. The Adaptive Resilience theory would have been supported by results showing a main effect of resilience. More resilient children would have been less at risk for behavior problems than less resilient children regardless of the Availability of play space. In both groups, it was anticipated that available play space would result in less risk of behavior problems. No interaction between resilience and play space was hypothesized for this model.
Results indicate both a significant main effect of resilience for the externalizing behavior subscale and a significant interaction effect for internal and overall subscales. Mean profiles for external, internal, and overall subscales were similar, indicating no significant difference between more or less resilient children in shelters with inavailable play space. The mean profiles indicate a significant difference between more or less resilient children in shelters with available play space. The study concludes that both resilience and play space make a significant difference in the risk of child behavior problems. Implications for the nurturing of children with less resilience in social and cognitive development are discussed
Synthesis and CâC Coupling Reactivity of a Dinuclear Ni^IâNi^I Complex Supported by a Terphenyl Diphosphine
Mono- and bimetallic complexes of nickel supported by a terphenyl diphosphine have been synthesized. The reported complexes show diverse metalâarene interactions in the solid state. Reactions of an o,oâ˛-biphenyldiyl dinickel complex with CO and dichloroalkanes lead to fluorene derivatives, indicating the formation of carbonâcarbon bonds at a bimetallic moiety
A Longitudinal Study of Parental Anti-Substance-Use Socialization for Early Adolescentsâ Substance Use Behaviors
The present study examines the role of communication in shaping norms and behaviors with significant personal and societal consequences. Based on primary socialization theory and the general theory of family communication, parental anti-substance-use socialization processes were hypothesized to influence early adolescentsâ substance use norms and behaviors. Using longitudinal data (N =1,059), the results revealed that parent-adolescent prevention communication about substance use in the media and parental anti-substance-use injunctive norms were positively associated with early adolescentsâ personal anti-substance-use norms, which, in turn, led to decreases in recent alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana use. It was also found that family expressiveness and structural traditionalism positively related to the hypothesized association between parental socialization processes and early adolescentsâ norms and behaviors
Coming to the New D.A.R.E.: A Preliminary Test of the Officer-Taught Elementary keepinâ it REAL Curriculum
The present study reports a preliminary evaluation of D.A.R.E.âs new elementary school keepinâ it REAL substance abuse prevention program. Given the widespread dissemination of D.A.R.E., this evaluation, even though of short term effects, has important implications for national prevention efforts. The new prevention curriculum teaches social and emotional competencies such as decision making and resistance skills. Social and emotional competencies and other risk factors were examined among students (N = 943) in 26 classrooms, 13 classrooms in the treatment condition (n = 359) and 13 classrooms in the control condition (n = 584) using a quasi-experimental matched group design. Pretest comparisons of treatment and control groups were completed, along with attrition analyses, and hierarchical logistic and linear regressions were computed to assess the intervention. The results revealed that the intervention produced significant effects on preventative factors such as the likelihood of resisting peer pressure, increased responsible decision making knowledge and decision-making skills, and confidence in being able to explain why they would refuse offers of cigarettes. The results of this study suggest that D.A.R.E.âs elementary keepinâ it REAL program has promise as a social and emotional learning (SEL) based prevention program
âAppliedâ Aspects of the Drug Resistance Strategies Project
This paper discusses the applied aspects of our Drug Resistance Strategies Project. We argue that a new definitional distinction is needed to expand the notion of âappliedâ from the traditional notion of utilizing theory, which we call âapplied.1â, in order to consider theory-grounded, theory testing and theory developing applied research. We label this new definition âapplied.2â research. We then explain that our descriptive work describing the social processes of adolescent substance use, identity and use, and drug norms, as well as the subsequent development and dissemination of our keepinâ it REAL middle school substance use curriculum are examples of âapplied.1â work. In the âapplied.2â realm, we include our theory testing (e.g., tests of multiculturalism, narrative and performance theories, the Focus Theory of Norms) and theory-developing (e.g., parent-child communication, cultural grounding) research as well our new directions in theory development (e.g., adaptation processes). We conclude with a call for space in the discipline for âapplied.2â work that builds and tests theory through application to significant social issues that contribute to our communities. We note obstacles in departmental and scholarly norms but express optimism about the prospects for âapplied.2â research in the future of communication research
Narrative Means to Preventative Ends: A Narrative Engagement Framework For Designing Prevention Interventions
This article describes a Narrative Engagement Framework (NEF) for guiding communication-based prevention efforts. This framework suggests that personal narratives have distinctive capabilities in prevention. The article discusses the concept of narrative, links narrative to prevention, and discusses the central role of youth in developing narrative interventions. As illustration, the authors describe how the NEF is applied in the keepin\u27 it REAL adolescent drug prevention curriculum, pose theoretical directions, and offer suggestions for future work in prevention communication
More than Just Openness: Developing and Validating a Measure of Targeted Parent-Child Communication about Alcohol
Research addressing parent-child communication on the topic of alcohol use relies heavily on assessing frequency of discussions and general assessments of openness in parent-child communication, ignoring the complexity of this communication phenomenon. This study adds to the literature by articulating a conceptualization and developing a measurement of parent-child communicationâtargeted parent-child communication about alcoholâand comparing the efficacy of targeted parent-child communication about alcohol in predicting positive expectancies of alcohol use and recent alcohol use. The predictive power of general openness in parent-child communication and frequency of communication about alcohol also were assessed. Students in 5th and 6th grade (N = 1407) from 29 public schools completed surveys. Targeted parent-child communication about alcohol was negatively associated with both outcomes. Frequency and general openness were only negatively associated with positive expectancies regarding alcohol. Implications of these findings for the etiology and prevention of substance use are discussed
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