Association of lesion area measured by colposcopy and cervical neoplasia

Studies have demonstrated that the size of lesion in colposcopic imaging can be associated with the grade of CIN. We evaluated 36 patients and at the time of colposcopy, the images were recorded and analysed for lesion area measurement. A ROC curve was used to obtain the area under the curve and to determine the best cut-off values between area lesion (pixels2) and biopsy result. Fisher's exact test was performed (p < .05). Half of the sample had a cervical biopsy showing HPV or LSIL, and 18 (50%)a biopsy showing HSIL or invasive cancer. HSIL and invasive cancer were associated with a lesion area greater than 30,337.03 pixels2 (cut off) with p = .04. Thus the area of the colposcopic lesion is related to the severity of that; so small lesions can be more conservatively followed.IMPACT STATEMENT: What is already known on this subject? Studies have proposed that the size of lesion in colposcopic imaging can be associated with the grade of CIN, and the size of CIN lesions may be a factor in determining the risk of progression. What do the results of this study add? This is the first study in the literature that uses the measurement of the lesion area in pixels2 in comparison with the severity of the lesion, which provides greater accuracy of the lesion area than the mere measurement of its diameter. What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? The size of the lesion should be considered in the management of cervical intraepithelial lesions. This approach also leads to lower cost and is less invasive. Small lesions will have the best prognosis and would be treated in the way more conservative, bringing to the patients more comfort and less complications with the treatment

Characterization of the Antinociceptive Activity from Stevia serrata Cav

Background: Stevia serrata Cav. (Asteraceae), widely found in Guatemala, is used to treat gastrointestinal problems. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of the essential oil (EO) and the mechanism of action. Methods: EO was tested in chemical (capsaicin- and glutamate-induced licking response) or thermal (hot plate) models of nociception at 10, 30 or 100 mg/kg doses. The mechanism of action was evaluated using two receptor antagonists (naloxone, atropine) and an enzyme inhibitor (L-NAME). The anti-hyperalgesic effect was evaluated using carrageenan-induced nociception and evaluated in the hot plate. Results: All three doses of EO reduced licking response induced by glutamate, and higher doses reduced capsaicin-induced licking. EO also increased area under the curve, similar to the morphine-treated group. The antinociceptive effect induced by EO was reversed by pretreatment of mice with naloxone (1 mg/kg, ip), atropine (1 mg/kg, ip) or L-NAME (3 mg/kg, ip). EO also demonstrated an anti-hyperalgesic effect. The 100 mg/kg dose increased the latency time, even at 1 h after oral administration and this effect has been maintained until the 96th hour, post-administration. Conclusions: Our data suggest that essential oil of S. serrata presents an antinociceptive effect mediated, at least in part, through activation of opioid, cholinergic and nitrergic pathways