LOVING YOUR LIVER: the complete guide to liver detox

Loving Your Liver. The Complete Guide to Liver Detox is a comprehensive guide to liver “maintenance”. Written in a simple and intuitive way, it helps understand what the liver is, what it does, how it works, how it is affected by our lifestyle, the most common diseases that can affect it and most importantly, how to take care of it. Of course, the key to a good liver detox lies in nutrition and for this very reason the learning journey with Hrvoje Miletic and Simon Taylor-Robinson ends with a section entirely dedicated to a number of delicious recipes that are good for the liver without sacrificing taste. Hrvoje Miletic is a noted food expert in Croatia and across Europe. He holds international diplomas in culinary affairs and in management. Hrvoje’s experience in the United Kingdom and across Europe has moulded his culinary experience and flair. He is currently a food researcher and entrepreneur, using his skills to help people lead a healthy lifestyle. His considerable expertise is reflected in the book. Simon Taylor-Robinson is a medical doctor. He trained as a gastroenterologist and hepatologist. He has conducted medical research on liver disease with projects around the world. During his career, he has combined being a clinical doctor with liver expertise with being a medical researcher and a teacher at the undergraduate and postgraduate level. He also holds several honorary Professorial appointments at institutions in sub-Saharan Africa and in Asia

Exercise-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation in Twelve European Countries Results of the European Cardiac Rehabilitation Registry

AIM: Results from EuroCaReD study should serve as a benchmark to improve guideline adherence and treatment quality of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) in Europe. METHODS AND RESULTS: Data from 2.054 CR patients in 12 European countries were derived from 69 centres. 76% were male. Indication for CR differed between countries being predominantly ACS in Switzerland (79%), Portugal (62%) and Germany (61%), elective PCI in Greece (37%), Austria (36%) and Spain (32%), and CABG in Croatia and Russia (36%). A minority of patients presented with chronic heart failure (4%). At CR start, most patients already were under medication according to current guidelines for the treatment of CV risk factors. A wide range of CR programme designs was found (duration 3 to 24weeks; total number of sessions 30 to 196). Patient programme adherence after admission was high (85%). With reservations that eCRF follow-up data exchange remained incomplete, patient CV risk profiles experienced only small improvements. CR success as defined by an increase of exercise capacity >25W was significantly higher in young patients and those who were employed. Results differed by countries. After CR only 9% of patients were admitted to a structured post-CR programme. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical characteristics of CR patients, indications and programmes in Europe are different. Guideline adherence is poor. Thus, patient selection and CR programme designs should become more evidence-based. Routine eCRF documentation of CR results throughout European countries was not sufficient in its first application because of incomplete data exchange. Therefore better adherence of CR centres to minimal routine clinical standards is requested

A compact ultra-clean system for deploying radioactive sources inside the KamLAND detector

We describe a compact, ultra-clean device used to deploy radioactive sources along the vertical axis of the KamLAND liquid-scintillator neutrino detector for purposes of calibration. The device worked by paying out and reeling in precise lengths of a hanging, small-gauge wire rope (cable); an assortment of interchangeable radioactive sources could be attached to a weight at the end of the cable. All components exposed to the radiopure liquid scintillator were made of chemically compatible UHV-cleaned materials, primarily stainless steel, in order to avoid contaminating or degrading the scintillator. To prevent radon intrusion, the apparatus was enclosed in a hermetically sealed housing inside a glove box, and both volumes were regularly flushed with purified nitrogen gas. An infrared camera attached to the side of the housing permitted real-time visual monitoring of the cable's motion, and the system was controlled via a graphical user interface.Comment: Revised author affiliations, corrected typos, made minor improvements to text, and revised reference

Search for extraterrestrial antineutrino sources with the KamLAND detector

We present the results of a search for extraterrestrial electron antineutrinos ($\bar{\nu}_{e}$'s) in the energy range $8.3 MeV < E_{\bar{\nu}_{e}} < 31.8 MeV$ using the KamLAND detector. In an exposure of 4.53 kton-year, we identify 25 candidate events. All of the candidate events can be attributed to background, most importantly neutral current atmospheric neutrino interactions, setting an upper limit on the probability of $^{8}$B solar $\nu_{e}$'s converting into $\bar{\nu}_{e}$'s at $5.3 \times 10^{-5}$ (90% C.L.), if we assume an undistorted $\bar{\nu}_{e}$ shape. This limit corresponds to a solar $\bar{\nu}_{e}$ flux of $93 cm^{-2} s^{-1}$ or an event rate of $1.6 events (kton-year)^{-1}$ above the energy threshold $(E_{\bar{\nu}_{e}} > 8.3 MeV)$. The present data also allows us to set more stringent limits on the diffuse supernova neutrino flux and on the annihilation rates for light dark matter particles.Comment: 22 pages, 6 figure

Measurement of the 8B Solar Neutrino Flux with the KamLAND Liquid Scintillator Detector

We report a measurement of the neutrino-electron elastic scattering rate from 8B solar neutrinos based on a 123 kton-day exposure of KamLAND. The background-subtracted electron recoil rate, above a 5.5 MeV analysis threshold is 1.49+/-0.14(stat)+/-0.17(syst) events per kton-day. Interpreted as due to a pure electron flavor flux with a 8B neutrino spectrum, this corresponds to a spectrum integrated flux of 2.77+/-0.26(stat)+/-0.32(syst) x 10^6 cm^-2s^-1. The analysis threshold is driven by 208Tl present in the liquid scintillator, and the main source of systematic uncertainty is due to background from cosmogenic 11Be. The measured rate is consistent with existing measurements and with Standard Solar Model predictions which include matter enhanced neutrino oscillation.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figure

Glutamine synthetase activity fuels nucleotide biosynthesis and supports growth of glutamine-restriced glioblastoma

L-Glutamine (Gln) functions physiologically to balance the carbon and nitrogen requirements of tissues. It has been proposed that in cancer cells undergoing aerobic glycolysis, accelerated anabolism is sustained by Gln-derived carbons, which replenish the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle (anaplerosis). However, it is shown here that in glioblastoma (GBM) cells, almost half of the Gln-derived glutamate (Glu) is secreted and does not enter the TCA cycle, and that inhibiting glutaminolysis does not affect cell proliferation. Moreover, Gln-starved cells are not rescued by TCA cycle replenishment. Instead, the conversion of Glu to Gln by glutamine synthetase (GS; cataplerosis) confers Gln prototrophy, and fuels de novo purine biosynthesis. In both orthotopic GBM models and in patients, (13)C-glucose tracing showed that GS produces Gln from TCA-cycle-derived carbons. Finally, the Gln required for the growth of GBM tumours is contributed only marginally by the circulation, and is mainly either autonomously synthesized by GS-positive glioma cells, or supplied by astrocytes

Search for the Invisible Decay of Neutrons with KamLAND

The Kamioka Liquid scintillator Anti-Neutrino Detector (KamLAND) is used in a search for single neutron or two neutron intra-nuclear disappearance that would produce holes in the $\it{s}$-shell energy level of $^{12}$C nuclei. Such holes could be created as a result of nucleon decay into invisible modes ($inv$), e.g. $n \to 3\nu$ or $nn \to 2\nu$. The de-excitation of the corresponding daughter nucleus results in a sequence of space and time correlated events observable in the liquid scintillator detector. We report on new limits for one- and two-neutron disappearance: $\tau(n\to inv)> 5.8\times 10^{29}$ years and $\tau (nn \to inv)> 1.4 \times 10^{30}$ years at 90% CL. These results represent an improvement of factors of $\sim$3 and $>10^4$ over previous experiments.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure

First Results from KamLAND: Evidence for Reactor Anti-Neutrino Disappearance

KamLAND has been used to measure the flux of $\bar{\nu}_e$'s from distant nuclear reactors. In an exposure of 162 ton$\cdot$yr (145.1 days) the ratio of the number of observed inverse $\beta$-decay events to the expected number of events without disappearance is $0.611\pm 0.085 {\rm (stat)} \pm 0.041 {\rm (syst)}$ for $\bar{\nu}_e$ energies $>$ 3.4 MeV. The deficit of events is inconsistent with the expected rate for standard $\bar{\nu}_e$ propagation at the 99.95% confidence level. In the context of two-flavor neutrino oscillations with CPT invariance, these results exclude all oscillation solutions but the `Large Mixing Angle' solution to the solar neutrino problem using reactor $\bar{\nu}_e$ sources.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figure