Injerto de verduras Berenjenas y tomates

El injertó en vegetales es una técnica secular utilizada en Asia para mejorar la producción de la planta, reducir la susceptibilidad a enfermedades, y aumentar el vigor de la planta. Esta hoja informativa ofrece breves descripciónes de cómo preparar material vegetal para injertos, algunas consideraciones generales para el injerto, las técnicas más comunes utilizadas para injertar berenjena y tomate, sanando las plantas injertadas, el trasplante y el mantenimiento de las plantas injertadas en el campo

Behavioral Reactivity Associated With Electronic Monitoring of Environmental Health Interventions-A Cluster Randomized Trial with Water Filters and Cookstoves

Subject reactivity—when research participants change their behavior in response to being observed—has been documented showing the effect of human observers. Electronics sensors are increasingly used to monitor environmental health interventions, but the effect of sensors on behavior has not been assessed. We conducted a cluster randomized controlled trial in Rwanda among 170 households (70 blinded to the presence of the sensor, 100 open) testing whether awareness of an electronic monitor would result in a difference in weekly use of household water filters and improved cookstoves over a four-week surveillance period. A 63% increase in number of uses of the water filter per week between the groups was observed in week 1, an average of 4.4 times in the open group and 2.83 times in the blind group, declining in week 4 to an insignificant 55% difference of 2.82 uses in the open, and 1.93 in the blind. There were no significant differences in the number of stove uses per week between the two groups. For both filters and stoves, use decreased in both groups over four-week installation periods. This study suggests behavioral monitoring should attempt to account for reactivity to awareness of electronic monitors that persists for weeks or more

Cerebrospinal fluid lactate in dogs with inflammatory central nervous system disorders.

BACKGROUND Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lactate is frequently used as a biomarker in humans with inflammatory central nervous system (CNS) disorders including bacterial meningitis and autoimmune disorders such as multiple sclerosis. HYPOTHESIS Cerebrospinal fluid lactate concentrations are increased in a subset of dogs with inflammatory CNS disorders. ANIMALS One hundred two client-owned dogs diagnosed with inflammatory CNS disease. METHODS Case series. Cases were identified both prospectively at the time of diagnosis and retrospectively by review of a CSF biorepository. Cerebrospinal fluid lactate was analyzed with a commercially available, handheld lactate monitor. Subcategories of inflammatory disease were created for comparison (eg, steroid-responsive meningitis arteritis, meningoencephalitis of unknown etiology). RESULTS Cerebrospinal fluid lactate concentrations were above reference range in 47% of dogs (median, 2.5 mmol/L; range, 1.0-11.7 mmol/L). There was no significant difference in lactate concentrations between disease subcategories (P = .48). Significant but weak correlations were noted between CSF lactate concentration and nucleated cell count (r = .33, P < .001), absolute large mononuclear cell count (r = .44, P < .001), absolute small mononuclear cell count (r = .39, P < .001), absolute neutrophil cell count (r = .24, P = .01), and protein (r = .44, P < .001). No correlation was found between CSF lactate concentration and CSF red blood cell count (P = .58). There was no significant association of CSF lactate concentration with survival (P = .27). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Cerebrospinal fluid lactate concentrations could serve as a rapid biomarker of inflammatory CNS disease in dogs

Behavioral Reactivity Associated With Electronic Monitoring of Environmental Health Interventions--A Cluster Randomized Trial with Water Filters and Cookstoves.

Subject reactivity--when research participants change their behavior in response to being observed--has been documented showing the effect of human observers. Electronics sensors are increasingly used to monitor environmental health interventions, but the effect of sensors on behavior has not been assessed. We conducted a cluster randomized controlled trial in Rwanda among 170 households (70 blinded to the presence of the sensor, 100 open) testing whether awareness of an electronic monitor would result in a difference in weekly use of household water filters and improved cookstoves over a four-week surveillance period. A 63% increase in number of uses of the water filter per week between the groups was observed in week 1, an average of 4.4 times in the open group and 2.83 times in the blind group, declining in week 4 to an insignificant 55% difference of 2.82 uses in the open, and 1.93 in the blind. There were no significant differences in the number of stove uses per week between the two groups. For both filters and stoves, use decreased in both groups over four-week installation periods. This study suggests behavioral monitoring should attempt to account for reactivity to awareness of electronic monitors that persists for weeks or more

Cerebrospinal fluid lactate in dogs with inflammatory central nervous system disorders

BACKGROUND Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lactate is frequently used as a biomarker in humans with inflammatory central nervous system (CNS) disorders including bacterial meningitis and autoimmune disorders such as multiple sclerosis. HYPOTHESIS Cerebrospinal fluid lactate concentrations are increased in a subset of dogs with inflammatory CNS disorders. ANIMALS One hundred two client-owned dogs diagnosed with inflammatory CNS disease. METHODS Case series. Cases were identified both prospectively at the time of diagnosis and retrospectively by review of a CSF biorepository. Cerebrospinal fluid lactate was analyzed with a commercially available, handheld lactate monitor. Subcategories of inflammatory disease were created for comparison (eg, steroid-responsive meningitis arteritis, meningoencephalitis of unknown etiology). RESULTS Cerebrospinal fluid lactate concentrations were above reference range in 47% of dogs (median, 2.5 mmol/L; range, 1.0-11.7 mmol/L). There was no significant difference in lactate concentrations between disease subcategories (P = .48). Significant but weak correlations were noted between CSF lactate concentration and nucleated cell count (r = .33, P < .001), absolute large mononuclear cell count (r = .44, P < .001), absolute small mononuclear cell count (r = .39, P < .001), absolute neutrophil cell count (r = .24, P = .01), and protein (r = .44, P < .001). No correlation was found between CSF lactate concentration and CSF red blood cell count (P = .58). There was no significant association of CSF lactate concentration with survival (P = .27). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Cerebrospinal fluid lactate concentrations could serve as a rapid biomarker of inflammatory CNS disease in dogs