The prophylaxis of chalkbrood in bees by laboratory methods - microscopic testing of pollen

The purpose of this study was to monitor the load of Ascosphera apis spores in honey and pollen samples and to evaluate the pertinence of the method in the prophylaxis of Ascosphera apis infestation by eliminating contaminated sources used in bee fed. We investigated 8 apiaries for a period of 2 years at the end of the active bee season, the collected samples consisting in pollen (39 samples) and pollen supplimentary foods (7 samples). The samples were processed and tested for spores of Ascosphera apisthrough the method OIE/2008, adapted for samples of pollenandpollen supplimentary foods. The samples originated from apiaries suspected of nosema disease. Within the lot with pollen samples (46 samples), a number of 39 pollen samples belonging to the 4 dominant floral categories in Romania (polifloral, rape, sun-flower, linden) were chosen in order to determine the infestation level with Ascosphera apis spores. Most of the Ascosphera apis spores positive samples were represented by the rape and sunflower pollen samples. Tests evidenced the presence of Ascosphera apisspores in 22 samples of pollen and pollen supplimentary foods of the total of 45 examined samples during the monitoring process. The tests made on bee samples collected at the end of the beekeeping season, by comparison to the ones collected in the beginning of the following season, demonstrated a significant reduction in the infestation degree (30.43%) in bees by eliminating from consumption the sources of infestation (pollen supplimentary foods and pollen) in the winter season. Testing before the inactive season for Ascosphera apis spores in the reserve honey and pollen represents an important prophylactic method against Ascosphera apis infestation in bees

"Incidence of some intoxications evolution in Romania in Apis mellifera carpathica bees monitored in a bee disease prevention program in the active beekeeping season of 2019"

The aim of this paper consisted in evaluating the intoxication cases and their dynamics during the active beekeeping season of 2019 for Apis mellifera carpathica bees monitored in a program for the prevention of infectious and non-infectious diseases. Following the corroboration of the anamnestic data with the morphoclinical data, suspicion of intoxication with toxic feed (pollen), chemicals (pesticides) and medicinal products (antiparasitic products) was established, excluding other causes of illness. During the period of the study, 113 apiaries from different geographic areas of Romania were monitored; counting a number of 7007 bee families, and was identified a number of 18 apiaries (16%) with susceptibility of intoxication, including a number of 1582 bee families (22.57%). The percentage dynamics of the intoxication cases in the studied bee families was the following: 34.07% intoxication with toxic food, 59.6% intoxication with chemical substances and 6.33% intoxication with drugs. We mention that this proportion of the intoxication was on the background of an active beekeeping season in 2019 with many rainfall and extreme weather phenomena

The impact of contamination with Nosema SSP. spores on honey obtained by apis mellifera carpathica

Nosemose disease is a parasitic disease that affects old honey bees. It is produced by ubiquitous and opportunistic germs of Nosema spp., coupled with huge losses of honey bees within colonies (by depopulation), and reducing of honey production. In Romania, nosemose disease was officially admitted as being produced by two species of Nosema (Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae). The aim of our study was to establish a possible correlation between the honey naturally infested with spores of Nosema spp. (from families diagnosed positive), and the quality of honey used for human consumption. The study was performed on 65 canola honey samples received from private apiaries, of which 40% of them were taken and analyzed (26 positive samples). Various microscopic analyzes, organoleptic and physicochemical on the properties of honey samples were made. The results showed us that there were significant changes in the honey quality correlated with the degree of its natural pollution. We were found that the honey samples with more than 5 spores of Nosema spp./experimental field have presented serious deterioration in terms of organoleptic and physical-chemical properties. We grouped honey samples (26 samples) into 3 categories, according with their physicochemical and organoleptic changes. These changes in the honey quality have a negative economic impact on the use of bee products, and on health of bee families, too