Effect of the type of application of Newcastle disease virus on the Ehrlich ascites tumor

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) has been shown to have an inhibitory effect on the tumours. Most authors use peritumoral application of virus. The purpose of our studz was to compare the effects of the ip in contrast to sc application of the virus on the ip and sc transplanted Ehrlich ascites tumor (EAT) in CBA/H mouse. We measured the length of survival, the tumor cure rates, the metastatic rate, and the frequencz of ascites and sc tumors in the site of ip EAT injection. Prolongation of survival after the therapy with NDV in ip transplanted EAT average time of survival in control group was 70.5 days, and 107 and 79.9 days with ip and sc NDV virus therapy respectively. The differences were significant only between control group and the group treated with ip application of NDV. Tumor cure rates were: ipNDV group 30%, scNDV group 20% and control group 5%. NDV therapy in sc transplanted EAT prolonged the time of survivalin control group it was 63.3 days, and 75.2 and 65.9 days with ip and sc NDV therapy respectively. NDV therapy inhibited metastatic rate of ip transplanted EAT. Inhibition was more effective with ip application of NDV. VIrus therapz also lowered the frequencz of appearance of ascites and sc tumour in the site of ip EAT injevtion. In sc transplanted EAT ip application of NDV inhibited the metastatic rate while in sc applied NDV some stimulation of metastasation was found. Ip application of NDV was found to be superior in contrast to sc application in all its therapeutic effects against EAT. Our results show that the tumor inhibition of NDV, in the system we used, has the characteristics of the biological response modifiers

Onco-nephrology - an approach to patients treatment

Onko-nefrologija je novo, multidisciplinarno področje, ki povezuje predvsem področji onkologije in nefrologije. Število bolnikov z rakom, ki imajo različno stopnjo ledvične okvare, narašča. Cilj celostne obravnave onko-nefrološkega bolnika je večja učinkovitost in varnost zdravljenja. Bolniki z ledvično okvaro višje stopnje so bili izključeni iz prospektivnih randomiziranih raziskav, tako da za njih ni na voljo podatkov z visoko dokazi visoke stopnje o učinkovitosti in varnosti zdravil ter mejnih vrednostih biooznačevalcev, ki so v pomoč pri vodenju zdravljenja. V klinični praksi se zato pri zdravljenju onko-nefrološkega bolnika opiramo na klinične izkušnje, podatke iz retrospektivnih analiz in posameznih objavljenih primerov ter priporočila, ki temeljijo na soglasju strokovnjakov. Pri zdravljenju onko-nefrološkega bolnika je ključno tesno sodelovanje med onkologom in nefrologom, mnogokrat je nujen multidisciplinarni posvet. Zdravnik, ki je odgovoren za načrt zdravljenja, potrebuje osnovno znanje nefrologije in dobro poznavanje omejitev onkološkega zdravljenja. Zaradi vedno večjega števila onko-nefroloških bolnikov in novih možnosti protirakavega zdravljenja je pred desetimi leti na Onkološkem inštitutu Ljubljana začela delovati onko-nefrološka ambulanta, za zahtevnejše bolnike, ki potrebujejo dodatno multidisciplinarno obravnavo, pa deluje onko-nefrološki konzilij. Delovna skupina za onko-nefrologijo v okviru Sekcije za internistično onkologijo vsako leto pripravi onko-nefrološko šolo, kjer svoj pogled na isti klinični problem predstavijo različni strokovnjaki. Ena izmed prioritet onko-nefrologije so raziskave. V prispevku so opisane pomembnejše teme s področja onko-nefrologije skupaj z izzivi iz klinične prakse.Onco-nephrology is a new, multidisciplinary field, which connects the fields of oncology and nephrology. The number of cancer patients with various stages of kidney disease has been increasing. The goal of the holistic management of onco-nephrologic patient is to increase efficacy and safety of treatment. Since patients with renal impairment have been excluded from prospective randomized trials, for these patients there is no available data with high level of evidence about efficacy and safety of treatment and the limit values of biomarkers, which help to guide the treatment. In clinical practice, the management of onco-nephrologic patient is based on clinical experience, data from retrospective analyses and case reports, and recommendations supported by the expert consensus. Close cooperation between an oncologist and nephrologist is crucial and a multidisciplinary consultation is often needed. The physician who is responsible for the treatment plan needs to have a basic knowledge of nephrology and a good knowledge of limitations of oncologic treatment. Due to an increasing number of onco-nephrologic patients and new anti-cancer treatment options, an onco-nephrology outpatient clinic started to operate at the Institute of Oncology Ljubljana ten years ago. A medical council has been established for more complex patients who need additional multidisciplinary care. Every year, The Working Group on Onco-Nephrology of the Section of Medical Oncology organize the Onco-nephrology school, where the views from various experts on a certain clinical problem are presented. One of the priorities of onco-nephrology is research. The paper describes the important topics in the field of onco-nephrology together with challenges from the clinical practice

An overlooked benefit of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the treatment of muscle-invasive cancer of the urinary bladder

Rak sečnega mehurja predstavlja tretji najpogostejši malignom genitourinarnega trakta, incidenca in umrljivost za rakom sečnega mehurja pa sta v Sloveniji v porastu. V radikalnem zdravljenju mišično invazivnega raka sečnega mehurja je ključnega pomena lokoregionalno zdravljenje, bolniki pa so lahko deležni tudi dodatnih koristi od sistemskega zdravljenja s kemoterapijo. Klinične raziskave faze III so pokazale pomembno podaljšanje skupnega preživetja bolnikov, ki so bili zdravljeni s kombinirano neoadjuvantno kemoterapijo na osnovi cisplatina. Kljub njeni jasno dokazani učinkovitosti se neoadjuvantna kemoterapija v vsakodnevni klinični praksi širom po svetu ni uveljavila v zadostni meri. Vsak bolnik z mišično invazivnim rakom sečnega mehurja, ki je zdravljen z namenom ozdravitve in je kandidat za sistemsko zdravljenje, bi moral biti seznanjen z možnostjo zdravljenja z neoadjuvantno kemoterapijo.Urinary bladder cancer is the third most frequent malignancy of the genitourinary tract, and its incidence and mortality have been increasing in Slovenia. Loco-regional treatment is key in radical treatment of the muscle-invasive cancer of the urinary bladder, and systemic chemotherapy treatment may provide additional benefits to the patients. Phase III clinical trials have demonstrated a significant prolongation of the overall survival of patients treated with neoadjuvant cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy. However, neoadjuvant chemotherapy has not yet been established sufficiently in everyday clinical practice, despite its clearly demonstrated effectiveness. Every patient with muscle-invasive cancer of the urinary bladder, who is receiving treatment with a curative intent and is a candidate for systemic treatment, should be informed of the possibility of receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy treatment.

Clinical development of new systemic therapies in patients with metastatic prostate cancer

Hormonsko zdravljenje s kastracijo je v začetku navadno učinkovito pri večini bolnikov z razsejanim rakom prostate, vendar bolezen čez čas neizbežno napreduje. Docetaksel v kombinaciji s prednizonom predstavlja standardno zdravljenje v prvi liniji zdravljenja bolnikov z razsejanim, proti kastraciji odpornim rakom prostate (rKORP). Do danes je bilo v kliničnih raziskavah preizkušenih več učinkovin v kombinaciji z docetakselom, vendar se nobena kombinacija ni izkazala za učinkovitejšo od docetaksela samega. Za bolnike z rKORP, pri katerih bolezen napreduje po zdravljenju z docetakselom, predstavljata kabazitaksel in abirateron acetat novi možnosti sistemskega zdravljenja.Hormonal therapy with castration is initially effective in the majority of men with metastatic prostate cancer, but the disease invariably progresses. Docetaxel in combination with prednisone is the standard first-line treatment in men with metatstatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Although several experimental agents have been evaluated in combination with docetaxel to date, none of these combinations improved the efficacy of docetaxel. Cabazitaxel and abirateron acetate are new options for systemic treatment in men with mCRPC who have progressive disease after treatment with docetaxel