Realistic and unrealistic direst costs in pharmacoeconomic anesthesia studies

Introduction: Multiplicity of anesthetic services and practice consume few resources individually, but collectively, they mean significant cost. Economic and pharmacoeconomic studies are done in order to rationalize resources. Aim: 1. To calculate the direct expense in anesthesia and reanimation; 2. To compare expenses to the price of anesthesia according to the unit prices of National Health Insurance Fund (NHIF); 3. To compare the duration of general anesthesia with costs in anesthesia departments. Methodology: This paper is a part of the retrospectively-prospective academic study of fourth phase carried out in the Clinical Center of Serbia. With permission of Ethical committee, we have set for 2005 and 2006, the direct cost of 148.876 anesthetic services in 11 departments of Clinical Center of Serbia as tertiary-type institution of medical health care. Research group included all patients of both sexes, children and adults. We compared the direct cost per minute of general anesthesia with average duration of anesthesia in every anesthesia department of surgical clinics. The direct cost was compared with the same, 'unit' prices of NHIF. The direct cost was compared with the same, 'unit' prices of RHIF. We have used linear and regression statistical product and service solutions model for component cost analysis /SPSS 15/. Results: Most budget resources are selected for the employees' sallaries (40%), then the medicines and supplies (31,80%) and the other expenses including the analysis and analytic devices (28,20%). Direct costs indicate a linear correlation and statistically marked difference p=0,012, F=9,270 compared to anesthesia duration indicating the coefficient of correlation r=0,694. Direct costs are highest considering longest segment of anesthesia. We have obtained linear correlation R=0,706 for direct costs excluding the neurosurgical anesthesia with 'unit prices'of anesthesia and anesthetic services indicating F=9,951 and p=0,01. Conclusions: Anesthesia and anesthetic services show statistically significant and financially significant correlation with the direct costs and duration of anesthesia within different surgical specialties. Cosidering direct costs, only the costs of anesthetic drugs and materials are realistic, and all other elements are determined by law and by contract with NHIF. Other costs, out of the direct costs group shall be theoretically reduced by running the analyzes required for anesthesia and for the planned surgical intervention in primary health care protection. Data base related to surgical data and better computer programs able to monitor multiple parameters during hospital treatment, could determine more precisely the value of anesthetic services

Operating cost analysis of anaesthesia: Activity based costing (ABC analysis)

Introduction. Cost of anaesthesiology represent defined measures to determine a precise profile of expenditure estimation of surgical treatment, which is important regarding planning of healthcare activities, prices and budget. Objective. In order to determine the actual value of anaestesiological services, we started with the analysis of activity based costing (ABC) analysis. Methods. Retrospectively, in 2005 and 2006, we estimated the direct costs of anestesiological services (salaries, drugs, supplying materials and other: analyses and equipment.) of the Institute of Anaesthesia and Resuscitation of the Clinical Centre of Serbia. The group included all anesthetized patients of both sexes and all ages. We compared direct costs with direct expenditure, “each cost object (service or unit)” of the Republican Health-care Insurance. The Summary data of the Departments of Anaesthesia documented in the database of the Clinical Centre of Serbia. Numerical data were utilized and the numerical data were estimated and analyzed by computer programs Microsoft Office Excel 2003 and SPSS for Windows. We compared using the linear model of direct costs and unit costs of anaesthesiological services from the Costs List of the Republican Health-care Insurance. Results. Direct costs showed 40% of costs were spent on salaries, (32% on drugs and supplies, and 28% on other costs, such as analyses and equipment. The correlation of the direct costs of anaestesiological services showed a linear correlation with the unit costs of the Republican Healthcare Insurance. Conclusion. During surgery, costs of anaesthesia would increase by 10% the surgical treatment cost of patients. Regarding the actual costs of drugs and supplies, we do not see any possibility of costs reduction. Fixed elements of direct costs provide the possibility of rationalization of resources in anaesthesia

Efficiency and Biocompatibility of Antimicrobial Textile Material of Broad Spectrum Activity

the antimicrobial textile material. The material is in the form of plaster wound dressing which is consisting of a nonwoven textile base containing polypropylene (PP)/viscose, a polymer carrier, and an antimicrobial active substance. The polymer carrier is the polysaccharide D-glucosamine (chitosan), and the active antimicrobial substance is antibiotic gentamicin sulfate. The amount of gentamicin sulfate immobilized into the polymer matrix of the polymer carrier was 0.15-0.20 mg/cm(2) or 2.0-2.5% of the mass of the nonwoven textile material. The antimicrobial textile material has been studied in vitro and in vivo conditions through the efficiency of the antimicrobial effects on different kinds of pathogenic microorganisms, as well as the biocompatibility in preclinical research. The results of these experiments indicate that all bioactive textile materials were biocidal in vitro for all pathogenic test organisms. Good biocompatibility, the existence of the correlation between the in vitro and in vivo results, concerning efficiency, qualifies these antimicrobial biornaterials for clinical use