Disaster Risk Reduction Based on a GIS Case Study of the Čađavica River Watershed

Background and Purpose: Although natural hazards cannot be prevented, a better understanding of the processes and scientific methodologies for their prediction can help mitigate their impact. Torrential floods, as one of the consequential forms of the existing erosion processes in synergy with extremely high precipitation, are the most frequent natural hazard at the regional level, which was confirmed by the catastrophic events in May 2014 when huge territories of Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia were flood-struck. The basic input data for the design of protective structures in torrential beds and watershed slopes are the values of the maximal discharge, area sediment yields, and sediment transport. The calculation of these values requires a careful approach in accordance with the characteristics of torrential watersheds, such as the steepness of slopes and beds in torrential watersheds, intensive erosion processes, favorable conditions for fast runoff formation and the transport of huge quantities of sediment. Materials and Methods: The calculations of maximal discharges, area sediment yields, and sediment transport in the experimental watershed of the Čađavica River were based on using two different spatial resolutions of digital elevations models (DEMs) – 20 m resolution DEM, with land use determined from aerial photo images, and the 90 m resolution DEM, with land use determined on the basis of the CORINE database. The computation of maximal discharges was performed by applying a method that combined synthetic unit hydrograph (maximum ordinate of unit runoff qmax) and Soil Conservation Service methodologies (deriving effective rainfall Pe from total precipitation Pb). The computation was performed for AMC III (Antecedent Moisture Conditions III – high content of water in the soil and significantly reduced infiltration capacity). The computations of maximal discharges were done taking into account the regional analysis of lag time, internal daily distribution of precipitation and classification of soil hydrologic groups (for CN – runoff curve number determination). Area sediment yields and the intensity of erosion processes were estimated on the basis of the “Erosion Potential Method”. Results and Conclusions: The selected methodology was performed using different input data related to the DEM resolution. The results were illustrated using cartographic and numerical data. Information on relief conditions is a vital parameter for calculating the elements of the environmental conditions through the elements of maximal discharge, area sediment yields and sediment transport. The higher precision of input data of DEM provides a more precise spatial identification and a quantitative estimation of the endangered sites

Thermographic diagnosis of objects to cultural heritage protection

U radu je prikazan kratak pregled osnovnih principa infracrvene termografije i najznačajnijih oblasti njene primene. Posebna pažnja je posvećena primeni termografije u oblasti građevinarstva, odnosno oblasti zaštite kulturne baštine. Termografija kao beskontaktna metoda ispitivanja je korišćena za otkrivanje vlage u zidovima i krovovima, utvrđivanje korektnosti termalne izolacije, oštećenja u konstrukcijama itd. U eksplikaciji mogućnosti primene ove tehnike u oblasti zaštite kulturne baštine prikazani su rezultati istraživanja u Muzeju nauke i tehnike u Beogradu.This paper presents a brief overview of the basic principles of infrared thermography in most important areas of its application. Special attention is paid to the application of thermography in the construction, or areas of cultural heritage protection. Thermography as a contactless method of testing is used to detect moisture in walls and roofs, determining the correctness of thermal insulation, structural damage and so on. In explanation of possible applications of this technique in the field of cultural heritage are presented the results of research at the Museum of Science and Technology in Belgrade

Heavy metals in petroleum-contaminated surface soils in Serbia

Investigation of heavy metal contamination levels as well as their association types with substrates in petroleum-contaminated surface soil was carried out using modified sequential extraction method. In that way, remobilization capacity of metal cations, both in natural conditions and in accidents, has been studied. Moreover, partitioning of heavy metals, originating from spilt oil derivative, among surface soil substrates was estimated. Extreme contamination with lead was discovered, as well as the increased concentrations of zinc and copper. Oil-derived Pb and Zn were found to be distributed between carbonates and amorphous Fe-oxides, whereas Cu was found to be dominantly associated with amorphous Fe-oxides. Appreciable amounts of these metals were also found to be incorporated into more resistant structures. In petroleum-contaminated surface soil, substrates of cadmium are carbonates, whereas nickel has the great affinity toward hydrous Mn-oxides. Cd is proven to be the most mobile metal in oil-contaminated surface soil

Heavy metals in petroleum-contaminated surface soils in Serbia

Investigation of heavy metal contamination levels as well as their association types with substrates in petroleum-contaminated surface soil was carried out using modified sequential extraction method. In that way, remobilization capacity of metal cations, both in natural conditions and in accidents, has been studied. Moreover, partitioning of heavy metals, originating from spilt oil derivative, among surface soil substrates was estimated. Extreme contamination with lead was discovered, as well as the increased concentrations of zinc and copper. Oil-derived Pb and Zn were found to be distributed between carbonates and amorphous Fe-oxides, whereas Cu was found to be dominantly associated with amorphous Fe-oxides. Appreciable amounts of these metals were also found to be incorporated into more resistant structures. In petroleum-contaminated surface soil, substrates of cadmium are carbonates, whereas nickel has the great affinity toward hydrous Mn-oxides. Cd is proven to be the most mobile metal in oil-contaminated surface soil

Disaster Risk Reduction Based on a GIS Case Study of the Čađavica River Watershed

Background and Purpose: Although natural hazards cannot be prevented, a better understanding of the processes and scientific methodologies for their prediction can help mitigate their impact. Torrential floods, as one of the consequential forms of the existing erosion processes in synergy with extremely high precipitation, are the most frequent natural hazard at the regional level, which was confirmed by the catastrophic events in May 2014 when huge territories of Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia were flood-struck. The basic input data for the design of protective structures in torrential beds and watershed slopes are the values of the maximal discharge, area sediment yields, and sediment transport. The calculation of these values requires a careful approach in accordance with the characteristics of torrential watersheds, such as the steepness of slopes and beds in torrential watersheds, intensive erosion processes, favorable conditions for fast runoff formation and the transport of huge quantities of sediment. Materials and Methods: The calculations of maximal discharges, area sediment yields, and sediment transport in the experimental watershed of the Čađavica River were based on using two different spatial resolutions of digital elevations models (DEMs) – 20 m resolution DEM, with land use determined from aerial photo images, and the 90 m resolution DEM, with land use determined on the basis of the CORINE database. The computation of maximal discharges was performed by applying a method that combined synthetic unit hydrograph (maximum ordinate of unit runoff qmax) and Soil Conservation Service methodologies (deriving effective rainfall Pe from total precipitation Pb). The computation was performed for AMC III (Antecedent Moisture Conditions III – high content of water in the soil and significantly reduced infiltration capacity). The computations of maximal discharges were done taking into account the regional analysis of lag time, internal daily distribution of precipitation and classification of soil hydrologic groups (for CN – runoff curve number determination). Area sediment yields and the intensity of erosion processes were estimated on the basis of the “Erosion Potential Method”. Results and Conclusions: The selected methodology was performed using different input data related to the DEM resolution. The results were illustrated using cartographic and numerical data. Information on relief conditions is a vital parameter for calculating the elements of the environmental conditions through the elements of maximal discharge, area sediment yields and sediment transport. The higher precision of input data of DEM provides a more precise spatial identification and a quantitative estimation of the endangered sites

Application of thermography in detection of moisture in Aeronautical museum depot

The paper presents the results of moisture detection in the depot of Aeronautical Museum in Belgrade. The moisture and changeably temperature conditions are the main causes for corrosion in historical building and museum artifacts.The main purpose of tests was to determe the condition in depot , where the metal artifact are deponed, including the only surviving examples Fiat G50 Airplane. The advantages of the thermography in a rapid and accurate detection of moisture in the walls and floor of the museum depot are analyzed