KAKVOĆA ULJA NA TRŽIŠTU

The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of selected oils from the market in the Czech Republic by monitoring the fatty acids content during storage.The work was focused on oils widely used in animal nutrition as well as dietary supplements. Chosen oils: rapeseed, soybean, linseed and milk thistle were purchased in a health food store, salmon oil derived from a feed store. The fatty acids content in oils and changes in the composition during storage under various conditions were monitored. Fatty acids were detected in oils by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Individual fatty acids were divided into groups: saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated (PUFA). SFA were most frequently found in salmon oil, most of PUFA was found in linseed oil and rapeseed oil contained the most of MUFA (15.4-16.6%, 77.3-77.5%, 64.5-64.8%,respectively). Oils stored in various conditions and storage periods did not show significant changes in the fatty acids composition. Mentioned oils are characterized and known by some fatty acids, although results show that they do not always have to be included in the expected quantities.Cilj ovog rada bio je ocijeniti kakvoću odabranih ulja na tržištu Češke Republike kontroliranjem sadržaja masnih kiselina za vrijeme uskladištenja. Rad je bio usredotočen na najviše upotrebljavana ulja u hranidbi životinja kao i ulja korištena kao dodatak hrani. Odabrana ulja repice, soje, lana i mliječne koprive kupljena su u trgovini zdrave hrane a lososovo ulje u trgovini hrane. Kontroliran je sadržaj masnih kiselina u uljima, te promjene sastava za vrijeme skladištenja u raznim uvjetima. Masne kiseline su određene u uljima plinskom kromatografijom s detektorom ionizacije pomoću plamena (GC-FID). Pojedine masne kiseline podijeljene su u skupine:zasićene (SFA), mononezasićene (MUFA) i polinezasićene (PUFA). SFA su najčešće nađene u ulju lososa, većina PUFA bila je u lanenom ulju, a repičino ulje sadržavalo je većinom MUFA (15,4-16,6%,77,3-77,5%,64,5-64,8%). Ulje uskladišteno u raznim uvjetima i trajanju skladištenja ne pokazuju značajne promjene u sastavu masnih kiselina. Spomenuta ulja karakteriziraju i poznata su po nekim masnim kiselinama, iako rezultati pokazuju da ona ne moraju uvijek biti u očekivanim količinama

UČINAK POVEĆANIH KOLIČINA VITAMINA A U HRANI NA KOLIČINU I KAKVOĆU TRBUŠNE MASTI PILIĆA U TOVU

The research involved a total of 280 fattening chickens (Hybro) divided between two identical experiments (4 groups of 40, and 4 groups of 30 chickens), with the aim of investigating reproducibility of data. During the 42-day course of fattening the effect that increased levels of vitamin A in chicken feed had on the quantity and quality of abdominal fat was researched. Control groups of chickens were fed on commercial starter and finisher rations containing the standard level of vitamin A (12.500 and 10.000 i.u.). The three experimental groups of chickens were fed on starter and finisher rations containing the same nutritional values but with an increased level of vitamin A (25.000, 37.500, 50.000 i.u. in starter rations and 20.000, 30.000 and 40.000 i.u. in finisher rations). Measuring of abdominal fat in chickens conducted at the end of both experiments showed that increased levels of vitamin A in feed resulted in no significant increase (P<0.05) of fat share in overall body mass when compared with the control group of chickens. Results of quality control of abdominal fat (peroxide number and degree of acidity) also showed no significant difference (P<0.05) between control and test groups of chickens.Istraživanje je provedeno na ukupno 280 pilića tovnih hibrida (Hybro) u dva istovjetna pokusa (4 skupine po 40, 4 skupine po 30 pili_a) sa svrhom da se odredi reproducibilnost podataka. Tijekom 42 dana tova istražen je učinak povećanih količina vitamina A u hrani na količinu i kakvoću trbušne masti. Kontrolne skupine pili_a hranjene su komercijalnim starterom i finišerom koji je sadržavao standardnu količinu vitamina A (12.500 i 10.000 IU). Tri pokusne skupine pilića hranjene su starterom i finišerom iste hranidbene vrijednosti ali uz povećanu količinu vitamina A (25.000, 37.500, 50.000 IU u starteru i 20.000, 30.000 i 40.000 IU u finišeru). Mjerenje trbušne masti pili_a na kraju oba pokusa pokazalo je da povećane količine vitamina A u hrani značajno ne povećavaju (P<0,05) udio masti u ukupnoj tjelesnoj masi, uspoređeno s kontrolnom skupinom pilića. Rezultati određivanja kakvoće trbušne masti (peroksidni broj i stupanj kiselosti) također nisu ukazali na značajnost razlika (P<0,05) između kontrolnih i pokusnih skupina pilića

Učinak rane kastracije na proizvodne rezultate, lipide seruma, masnokiselinski profil i desaturacijske indekse u tovnih pilića hranjenih povišenom razinom masti u obroku.

This paper analyses the effect of early caponisation, at 18 days, on the production performance, lipid metabolism and fatty acid profile of fattening broilers fed an increased amount of fat. Early castration did not influence growth performance and feed intake in the experimental birds. Feed conversion was significantly improved in castrated birds (P0.05) by early castration. Glucose values were significantly higher on the 25th (P0,05). Razina glukoze bila je značajno povišena 25. (P<0,05) i 40. (P<0,01) dana kod nekastriranih pilića u usporedbi s kastriranima. Masnokiselinski sastav mišića batka značajno se promijenio uslijed kastracije. Najočitija razlika bila je u povećavaju razine zasićenih masnih kiselina (P<0,05) kod kastriranih pilića u odnosu na nekastrirane. Dodatno, indeksi zasićenosti i trombogenosti bili su značajno viši (P<0,05) kod kastriranih pilića, dok je odnos nezasićene/zasićene masne kiseline bio značajno viši kod nekastriranih pilića

Učinak živih stanica kvasca (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) na proizvodne rezultate pašno držanih, mliječnih ovaca tijekom kasne laktacije

A feeding trial was conducted in order to evaluate the influence of live yeast cells (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on milk production and composition, and on blood parameters in late lactation. The experiment was performed on forty Croatian crossbred dairy sheep divided into a control group without live yeast cells (CD = control diet) and the experimental group with live yeast cells in the diet (YC = diet with Saccharomyces cerevisiae). The diet was based on pasture and concentrate containing corn (66.3%), soybean meal (18.7%), bran (6%) and alfalfa meal (4%). Supplementation with live yeast cells significantly increased the total milk yield in the 23rd week (P<0.5) and in the 27th week (P<0.5). Morning milk yield was also significantly increased in that period. All other values concerning milk yield did not differ significantly between treatment groups. The average amount of milk during the experimental period was higher in the YC group than in the CD group (604.60 ± 83.21 and 630.28 ± 92.34, for control and yeast-supplemented group, respectively) but without any significant difference (P>0.5). The chemical composition of the milk was not influenced by the treatments with the exception of milk fat that was significantly higher in YC group. Blood parameters were not affected by the treatment. We conclude that supplementation with live yeast cells, under the conditions of our experiment, had no statistically significant beneficial effects on the performance of dairy ewes during late lactation. High concentrate diet, the stage of lactation and high temperatures may have decreased the response to live yeast cells.Proveden je hranidbeni pokus kako bi se procijenio učinak živih stanica kvasca (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) na proizvodnju i sastav mlijeka te krvne pokazatelje u kasnoj laktaciji. Pokus je proveden na 40 ovaca hrvatske oplemenjene mliječne pasmine koje su bile podijeljene u kontrolnu skupinu bez živih stanica kvasca (CD = kontrolna hrana) i pokusnu sa živim stanicama kvasca u hrani (YC = hrana sa Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Obrok je zasnovan na paši i koncentratnom dodatku koji se sastojao od kukuruza (66,3%), sojine sačme (18,7%), stočnog brašna (6%) i brašna lucerne (4%). Dodatak živih stanica kvasca značajno je povećao dnevnu količinu mlijeka u 23. tjednu (P<0,5) i 27. tjednu (P<0,5). Jutarnja količina mlijeka također je bila značajno viša u tom razdoblju. Sve ostale vrijednosti vezane uz količinu mlijeka nisu se značajno razlikovale. Prosječna količina mlijeka tijekom pokusnog razdoblja bila je viša u YC skupini nego u CD skupini (604,60 ± 83,21 i 630,28 ± 92,34, za kontrolnu i pokusnu skupinu), ali razlika nije bila statistički značajna (P>0,5). Postupci nisu utjecali na kemijski sastav mlijeka s izuzetkom mliječne masti koja je bila značajno viša u pokusnoj skupini. Krvni se pokazatelji nisu razlikovali između skupina. Zaključili smo da, u uvjetima našeg pokusa, dodavanje živih stanica kvasca nije imalo statistički značajan utjecaj na proizvodne rezultate mliječnih ovaca tijekom kasne laktacije. Učinak je vjerojatno bio smanjen zbog veće količine koncentrata u obroku, stadija laktacije i visokih temperatura

Učinak dodavanja živih stanica kvasca Saccharomyces cerevisiae u obroku tovne janjadi na proizvodne rezultate i broj bakterija u buragu

A feeding trial was conducted in order to evaluate the effect of live yeast cells (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on the growth performance of lambs. The experiment was performed on thirty-six East - Friesian lambs divided into a control group without live yeast cells (CD = control diet), an experimental group with 1g/day of live yeast cells in the diet (YC1) and an experimental group with 0.5 g/day of live yeast cells in the diet (YC0.5). Diet was based on hay and concentrate containing: corn (66.3%), soybean meal (18.7%), bran (6%) and alfalfa meal (4%). No effects were recorded on weight, weight gain and feed conversion ratio. The number of anaerobic and aerobic rumen bacteria was not affected by the treatment. Results demonstrated that 0.5 g/day and 1 g/day of live yeast cells supplementation to finishing lambs fed hay and high energy concentrate does not improve growth performance.Proveden je pokus da bi se utvrdio učinak živih stanica kvasca Saccharomyces cerevisiae na proizvodne rezultate janjadi. Pokus je proveden na trideset i šest janjaca istočnofrizijske pasmine podijeljenih u kontrolnu skupinu koja u hrani nije dobivala žive stanice kvasca (CD = kontrolna hrana), pokusnu skupinu s 1 g živih stanica kvasca u obroku (YC1) i pokusnu skupinu s 0,5 g živih stanica kvasca u obroku (YC0,5). Obrok se sastojao od sijena i dodatka koncentrata koji je sadržavao kukuruz (66,3%), sojinu sačmu (18,7%), pšenične posije (6%) i brašno lucerne (4%). Nije utvrđen učinak na težinu, prirast i konverziju hrane. Postupak nije utjecao na broj anaerobnih i aerobnih bakterija. Zaključili smo da žive stanice kvasca nisu poboljšale rast u janjadi hranjene sijenom i koncentratom

Nutrition and management of dairy cows in dry period

U članku su razmotreni važnost suhostaja kao pripreme krava za laktaciju i najvažniji čimbenici za uspješnu hranidbu koji uključuju: stvaranje rezervi i prilagodbu probavnog sustava, mliječnu žlijezdu i potrebe ploda. Ocjenjivanje kondicije naglašeno je kao izuzetno korisno za pravilno hranjenje i postupanje sa životinjama. Krmiva su, podijeljena na voluminozni i krepki dio, ukratko predstavljena sa svojim bitnim utjecajem. Po pojedinim razdobljima suhostaja objašnjeno je njihovo trajanje, postupak sa životinjama kao i posebnosti hranidbe. Kao zadnje, ali vrlo bitno, obrađene su pojedine bolesti vezane uz hranidbu. Iako glavni uzrok nekih navedenih bolesti nije hranidba, svrstane su ovdje jer se mogu uspješno prevenirati ili čak liječiti promjenom obroka.In the article the importance of the dry period as a preparation for lactation is discussed. Also discussed are factors for successful nutrition which are: body reserves, adjustment of digestive system, udder and requirements of foetus. Body condition scoring is emphasised as a very useful tool for balanced nutrition and the dry cow management. Feed is divided into forage and concentrates and briefly presented as very important. Nutrition in the dry period and in general as well as the nutrition related diseases are presented. Although the cause of all diseases discussed was not nutrition we took them into consideration because they can be prevented or even cured by ration modification

Nutricine and stress interactions and the effect on poultry health and performance

U suvremenoj peradarskoj proizvodnji životinje su izložene različitim oblicima stresa od trenutka kad se izlegu do završetka proizvodnog ciklusa. Kontinuirani stres uzrokuje smanjenje proizvodnih osobina, te povećanu učestalost obolijevanja od zaraznih i nezaraznih bolesti. Budući da je u EU sve prisutniji trend isključivanja antibiotika i drugih medicinskih pripravaka iz životinjske hrane zbog opasnosti od rezistentnih mikroorganizama, nutritivna rješenja postupno postaju sve važnija alternativa u dosadašnjim sustavima uzgoja. Nutritivna rješenja uključuju korištenje biološki djelatnih tvari tj. nutricina ili funkcionalne hrane. Od nutricina najčešće se primjenjuju antioksidanti, enzimi, emulgatori, karotinoidi, organske kiseline i neprobavljivi oligosaharidi. Organske kiseline i antioksidanti održavaju kakvoću krmiva, dok enzimi potpomažu probavu i stupanj iskorištavanja hranjivih tvari. Karotinoidi djeluju stimulativno na imunološki sustav smanjujući učestalost pojave bolesnih stanja. Neprobavljivi oligosaharidi i organske kiseline moduliraju mikropopulaciju probavnog sustava potičući proliferaciju poželjnih mikroorganizama, te smanjuju učestalost probavnih poremećaja. Kontrolom oksidativnog stresa antioksidanti pozitivno utječu na zdravstveno stanje životinja u intenzivnom uzgoju, te imaju određeni učinak na kakvoću mesa. U ovom preglednom članku biti će prikazane dosadašnje spoznaje međudjelovanja nutricina i stresa, te njihovog utjecaja na zdravlje i proizvodne rezultate u sustavima intenzivnog uzgoja peradi.In modern poultry production animals are subject to various forms of stress from the moment they hatch to the finishing phase of the production cycle. Ongoing stress is a cause of many negative aspects in poultry production like reduced performance, and increased incidence of infectious and noninfectious diseases. Considering recent EU policy of excluding antibiotics and other medicinal products from animal feed, because of the well known dangers of resistant microorganisms, nutritional solutions will gradually become the most likely alternative in intensive production systems. Nutritive solutions include the use of biologically active components of feed which are called nutricines or functional food. Most important nutricines include different molecules like antioxidants, enzymes, emulsifiers, carotenoids, organic acids and non-digestible oligosaccharides. The function of nutricines in the animal organism can be described in several different ways. Organic acids and antioxidants maintain feed quality, while enzymes help with the digestion and the level of nutrient utilization. Carotenoids have a stimulative effect on the immune system which reduces the incidence of disease. Non-digestible carbohydrates and organic acids modulate the micropopulation of the digestive tract by supporting the proliferation of beneficial microorganisms and reducing the incidence of digestive disorders. By controlling oxidative stress, antioxidants have a direct effect on the health of the animals in the intensive production, and have a certain effect on meat quality. This review article will focus on recent findings in interaction of nutricines and stress, and their influence on health and performance in intensive poultry production systems

Upotreba pivskoga kvasca u hranidbi kopuna.

The use of yeast in feeding capons was investigated. An Investigation was carried out on 40 capons of the hybrid line Ross 308, caponized at 28 days. For 22 weeks the capons were given feed and water ad libitum and kept in controlled zoo-hygienic conditions. The experimental capons obtained yeast in feed mixtures as protein feed, while the control capons were given commercial feed mixtures for fattening chickens with fish meal in the starter and oil grits in finisher 1 and finisher 2. The results of the study showed no statistically significant differences (P<0.05) between the final body weights of the capons, feed conversion, growth performance and share of breast weight in the carcass weight, which supports the conclusion that fish meal proteins can be successfully substituted with yeast proteins for feeding capons.Istražena je upotreba pivskoga kvasca u hranidbi kopuna. Istraživanje je provedeno na 40 kopuna hibridne linije Ross 308 kopuniziranih u dobi od 28 dana. Tijekom 22 tjedna kopuni su hranjeni i napajani po volji te držani u kontroliranim zoohigijenskim uvjetima. Pokusni kopuni u krmnim su smjesama kao bjelančevinasto krmivo dobivali pivski kvasac dok su kontrolni kopuni u komercijalnim smjesama za tov pilića dobivali u starteru riblje brašno, a u finišeru 1 i finišeru 2 sačme uljarica. Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su da nema statistički značajnih razlika (P<0,05) između završnih tjelesnih masa kopuna, konverzije hrane, randmana i udjela mase prsa u masi trupa što govori u prilog zaključku da se u hranidbi kopuna bjelančevine ribljeg brašna mogu uspješno zamijeniti bjelančevinama pivskog kvasca