The irrational health beliefs scale and health behaviors in a non-clinical population

To date, there has been inconclusive evidence on the predictive ability of health-related cognitive distortion, as measured by the Irrational Health Belief Scale (IHBS), regarding health behaviors (HBs). The aims of our study were to provide a validation of the Slovak translation of the IHBS and to assess the relationship of the IHBS with a wide range of HBs, as well as the predictive ability of the IHBS regarding HBs over and above other health-related psychological constructs. A total of 448 students attending mostly Slovak universities completed the IHBS, the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale, the Big Five Inventory - 2, the Positive and Negative Affect Scale, and the Bratislava Health Behaviors Questionnaire. The internal consistency and temporal stability of the Slovak version of the IHBS were confirmed. The IHBS correlated moderately with medical adherence but was unrelated to substance use and an unhealthy diet. The association of cognitive distortion with the sum score of HBs was only weak, albeit statistically significant. The IHBS had weak but significant incremental power. However, two health locus of control dimensions as well as negative emotionality were more strongly related to HBs than cognitive distortion in that multivariate model

Identifying major policy challenges and policy interventions via expert methods

This paper presents the application of expert decision methods for the formulation and prioritization of the long-term economic, social and environmental policies in the Slovak Republic. The Partnership Agreement for the Slovak Republic (PA) is an underlying strategy for investments from the European Structural and Investment Funds (ESIF) in the period 2021-2027. Policies implemented under the PA will allocate €13.4b on four policy objectives. This paper concentrates on the policy objective 4 ‘Social development’. The authors co-operated with the Deputy Prime Minister Office and assembled panels of top Slovak experts on social and economic issues. The Delphi and Analytical hierarchy process (AHP) methods were combined for analyzing major development challenges and eliciting policy priorities. The methods combined the bottom-up and top-down approaches to policy making. Nine potential policy measures in three policy areas emerged from the Delphi exercise. The AHP exercise applied three criteria (relevance, urgency and feasibility) to rank the abovementioned measures within three policy areas. As for the Policy Area 1 (Labour market, employment, training and institutions) the measure 4.1.1 ‘Improving access to employment and modernizing institutions and services on labour market’ clearly dominated over the measure 4.1.2 ‘Supporting a better work-life balance’. The measure 4.2.2 ‘Equal access to quality and inclusive education’ emerged substantially more important than measures 4.2.1 ‘Improving the quality and effectiveness of education and training systems’ and 4.2.3 ‘Support to life-long learning’ in the Policy Area 2 ‘Education and skills’. Finally, measures 4.3.2 ‘Supporting social and economic integration of marginalized Roma communities’ and 4.3.3 ‘Ensuring equal access to healthcare including primary care’ received the highest ranks in the Policy Area 3 ‘Health and social services’