History of aviation physiology

Relevance. In studying the history of medical and biological disciplines, an important part is the identification of the stages of their formation and development. In this regard, it seems important to make a historical and scientific analytical review of the development of ideas about aviation physiology, covering different stages of the history of science and reflecting the contribution of researchers from different regions. It will be useful for teaching historical and scientific and special disciplines, as well as for researchers involved in the study of aviation physiology. The need to understand how the human body functions in flight arose along with the development of aeronautics. The study is devoted to the analysis of the main stages in the development of aviation physiology. The purpose of the study - to characterize the stages of formation and development of aviation physiology. Research methods. In preparing this publication, articles in publications included in the RSCI, PubMed, and Scopus were mainly used. Preference was given to materials published in the last 15 years. The main results present the stages of development of aviation physiology with a description of the contribution of the main researchers in this field. The achievements of domestic scientists, doctors, physiologists I.M. Sechenov, L.A. Orbeli, G.M. Zarakovsky are analyzed, their scientific priorities in the development of this scientific direction are presented. The process of formation and development of aviation physiology as a direction of biomedical knowledge is presented. Before the advent of aviation (19th century), hypoxia was studied in the study of balloon flights. With the advent of high-speed and maneuverable aircraft, aviation physiology began to study the body’s response to overloads caused by highly maneuverable flights. Conclusion . The development of aviation physiology can be divided into two stages. 1. Pre-aviation, within which the emergence of this area of medico-biological knowledge takes place. 2. Aviation, at this stage scientists have the opportunity to study different multidirectional overloads and their effect on the human body. Currently, aviation physiology is one of the important branches of physiology, aviation and space medicine

Psychosocial Addiction Assessment Among 17‒18-year Old Students of Novosibirsk

Introduction: the article presents the results of a study of 17–18 year students from various universities of Novosibirsk and identifies the prevalence of the tendency to various forms of psychosocial dependencies among the youth. The relevance of the work is predetermined by the increased dissemination of various psychosocial addictions among the youth and formation of youth subculture of addictive behaviour. Early detection of persons exhibiting a high propensity for various forms of psychosocial addictions, will predict negative trends in the youth environment and in a timely manner provide them with psychological and pedagogical help. The aim of this work is to identify among the 1st – 2nd year students in Novosibirsk the prevalence of the propensity for dif ferent types of psychosocial dependencies. Materials and Methods: over 10 thousand students aged from 17 to 18 years participated in the sociological study in Novosibirsk. The authors developed a special computer programme to identify propensity to addictions. The obtained results were processed using methods of variationa l and difference statistics. Results: many of 17–18 year old students have no addiction. The 17–18 year old girls have a higher level of propensity to tobacco addiction compared to boys and a tendency to increase the number of people with high risk of dependence to psychoactive substances. Young men with a high propensity to dependent behaviour have a higher risk to “heavy” types of dependence than girls. Discussion and Conclusions: the described tendencies reflect the general situation in the society, associated with the formation of youth subculture of addictive behaviour. The results should be considered in preventive and educational activities in universities. Methods for identifying addictions are effective in the correctional activity of psychologists. The authors intend to investigate the behaviour of students in high schools and in universities to reveal propensity to addictions