Auroral field-aligned currents by incoherent scatter plasma line observations in the E region

The aim of the Swedish-Japanese EISCAT campaign in February 1999 was to measure the ionospheric parameters inside and outside the auroral arcs. The ion line radar experiment was optimised to probe the E-region and lower F-region with as high a speed as possible. Two extra channels were used for the plasma line measurements covering the same altitudes, giving a total of 3 upshifted and 3 downshifted frequency bands of 25 kHz each. For most of the time the shifted channels were tuned to 3 (both), 4 (up), 5.5 (down) and 6.5 (both) MHz. Weak plasma line signals are seen whenever the radar is probing the diffuse aurora, corresponding to the relatively low plasma frequencies. At times when auroral arcs pass the radar beam, significant increases in return power are observed. Many cases with simultaneously up and down shifted plasma lines are recorded. In spite of the rather active environment, the highly optimised measurements enable investigation of the properties of the plasma lines. A modified theoretical incoherent scatter spectrum is used to explain the measure-ments. The general trend is an upgoing field-aligned suprathermal current in the diffuse aurora. There are also cases with strong suprathermal currents indicated by large differences in signal strength between up- and downshifted plasma lines. A full fit of the combined ion and plasma line spectra resulted in suprathermal electron distributions consistent with models

3-D extent of the main ionospheric trough - a case study

The EISCAT radar system has been used for the first time in a four-beam meridional mode. The FAST satellite and ALIS imaging system is used in conjunction to support the radar data, which was used to identify a main ionospheric trough. With this large latitude coverage the trough was passed in 21/2hours period. Its 3-dimensional structure is investigated and discussed. It is found that the shape is curved along the auroral oval, and that the trough is wider closer to the midnight sector. The position of the trough coincide rather well with various statistical models and this trough is found to be a typical one

The MATS satellite mission - gravity wave studies by Mesospheric Airglow/Aerosol Tomography and Spectroscopy

Global three-dimensional data are a key to understanding gravity waves in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere. MATS (Mesospheric Airglow/Aerosol Tomography and Spectroscopy) is a new Swedish satellite mission that addresses this need. It applies space-borne limb imaging in combination with tomographic and spectroscopic analysis to obtain gravity wave data on relevant spatial scales. Primary measurement targets are O-2 atmospheric band dayglow and nightglow in the near infrared, and sunlight scattered from noctilucent clouds in the ultraviolet. While tomography provides horizontally and vertically resolved data, spectroscopy allows analysis in terms of mesospheric temperature, composition, and cloud properties. Based on these dynamical tracers, MATS will produce a climatology on wave spectra during a 2-year mission. Major scientific objectives include a characterization of gravity waves and their interaction with larger-scale waves and mean flow in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere, as well as their relationship to dynamical conditions in the lower and upper atmosphere. MATS is currently being prepared to be ready for a launch in 2020. This paper provides an overview of scientific goals, measurement concepts, instruments, and analysis ideas

Impact of patient characteristics, education and knowledge on emergency room visits in patients with asthma and COPD: a descriptive and correlative study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Asthma and COPD are major health problems and an extensive burden for the patient and the health care system. Patient education has been recommended, but the influence on knowledge and health outcomes is not fully examined. Our aims were to compare patient characteristics, education and knowledge in patients who had an emergency room (ER) visit, to explore factors related to disease knowledge, and to investigate patient characteristics, patient education and knowledge in relation to further ER visits over a 12 month period.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Eighty-four patients with asthma and 52 with COPD, who had had an ER visit, were included. They were interviewed by telephone 4 to 6 weeks after the ER visit and followed for a year.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Patients with COPD were older, more sedentary, had had more ER visits the previous year, and had more co morbidity than patients with asthma. About 80% of the patients had received information from health professionals or participated in education/rehabilitation, but a minority (< 20%) reported that their knowledge about how to handle the disease was good. Patients with "good knowledge" were younger, were more likely to have asthma diagnose, and had a higher educational background (p < 0.05). Sixty-seven percent of the patients with COPD had repeated ER visits during the following year versus 42% in asthma (p < 0.05) (adjusted HRR: 1.73 (1.03-2.90)). Patients who had had ER visits the year before inclusion had a higher risk of ER visits the following year (adjusted HRR: 3.83 (1.99-7.38)). There were no significant differences regarding patient education and knowledge between the group with and without further ER visits after adjusting for sex, diagnose, age, and educational background.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Patients with asthma had a better self reported knowledge of disease management and were less likely to have new exacerbations than patients with COPD. Reported level of knowledge was, however, in it self not a predictor of exacerbations. This indicates that information is not sufficient to reduce the burden of disease. Patient education focused on self-management and behavioral change should be emphasized.</p

Research and Design of a Routing Protocol in Large-Scale Wireless Sensor Networks

无线传感器网络，作为全球未来十大技术之一，集成了传感器技术、嵌入式计算技术、分布式信息处理和自组织网技术，可实时感知、采集、处理、传输网络分布区域内的各种信息数据，在军事国防、生物医疗、环境监测、抢险救灾、防恐反恐、危险区域远程控制等领域具有十分广阔的应用前景。 本文研究分析了无线传感器网络的已有路由协议，并针对大规模的无线传感器网络设计了一种树状路由协议，它根据节点地址信息来形成路由，从而简化了复杂繁冗的路由表查找和维护，节省了不必要的开销，提高了路由效率，实现了快速有效的数据传输。 为支持此路由协议本文提出了一种自适应动态地址分配算——ADAR（AdaptiveDynamicAddre...As one of the ten high technologies in the future, wireless sensor network, which is the integration of micro-sensors, embedded computing, modern network and Ad Hoc technologies, can apperceive, collect, process and transmit various information data within the region. It can be used in military defense, biomedical, environmental monitoring, disaster relief, counter-terrorism, remote control of haz...学位：工学硕士院系专业：信息科学与技术学院通信工程系_通信与信息系统学号：2332007115216

Design Analysis by Means of Axonometric Hand–drawn Illustrations

This scientific contribution summarizes some of the research and development work carried out by the authors while we were engaged in the Volvo Automobile Company’s assembly plant in Uddevalla. It explains how we managed the illustrate the product architecture and product variation of the automobile model in question (the Volvo 700 model).\ua0Comment: Our clients (the project organisation at Volvo)\ua0allowed us to make scientific contributions\ua0reporting on e.g. principles and practises\ua0during the life of this assembly plant, but they were not keen letting us publish any hard information (many other scientists were far interested publishing just anything). For strategic reasons would, in fact, the principles be kept secret instead (however these principles, though\ua0practised by Volvo, were actually never officially/publically absorbed by the Volvo companies) (nowadays are all of the\ua0knowledgeable individuals\ua0et\uedher\ua0dead or retired). Most probably do similar\ua0efforts calling for an experimental workshop in connection with an industrial change, as well as access\ua0to similar competencies\ua0(various\ua0knowledgeable\ua0practitioners, as well as senior and junior research competencies, were inventible called for) (just to master the specific nomenclature at hand within the various Volvo companies was really\ua0difficult for us) (who will help an external scientist if this requires extra work just to understand what he or she wants?). This is a situation\ua0that is almost an impossibility today, with the ways research and development work are organised and financed today at Chalmers University of Technology (in fact, it was far more anarchistic\ua0earlier, as long as you were able to finance the efforts in question)

Design Analysis by Means of Axonometric Hand–drawn Illustrations

This scientific contribution summarizes some of the research and development work carried out by the authors while we were engaged in the Volvo Automobile Company’s assembly plant in Uddevalla. It explains how we managed the illustrate the product architecture and product variation of the automobile model in question (the Volvo 700 model).\ua0Comment: Our clients (the project organisation at Volvo)\ua0allowed us to make scientific contributions\ua0reporting on e.g. principles and practises\ua0during the life of this assembly plant, but they were not keen letting us publish any hard information (many other scientists were far interested publishing just anything). For strategic reasons would, in fact, the principles be kept secret instead (however these principles, though\ua0practised by Volvo, were actually never officially/publically absorbed by the Volvo companies) (nowadays are all of the\ua0knowledgeable individuals\ua0et\uedher\ua0dead or retired). Most probably do similar\ua0efforts calling for an experimental workshop in connection with an industrial change, as well as access\ua0to similar competencies\ua0(various\ua0knowledgeable\ua0practitioners, as well as senior and junior research competencies, were inventible called for) (just to master the specific nomenclature at hand within the various Volvo companies was really\ua0difficult for us) (who will help an external scientist if this requires extra work just to understand what he or she wants?). This is a situation\ua0that is almost an impossibility today, with the ways research and development work are organised and financed today at Chalmers University of Technology (in fact, it was far more anarchistic\ua0earlier, as long as you were able to finance the efforts in question)

Indications that Amorphous Calcium Carbonates Occur in Pathological Mineralisation : A Urinary Stone from a Guinea Pig

Calcium carbonate is an abundant biomineral that is of great importance in industrial or geological contexts. In recent years, many studies of the precipitation of CaCO3 have shown that amorphous precursors and intermediates are widespread in the biomineralization processes and can also be exploited in bio-inspired materials chemistry. In this work, the thorough investigation of a urinary stone of a guinea pig suggests that amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) can play a role in pathological mineralization. Importantly, certain analytical techniques that are often applied in the corresponding analyses are sensitive only to crystalline CaCO3 and can misleadingly exclude the relevance of calcium carbonate during the formation of urinary stones. Our analyses suggest that ACC is the major constituent of the particular stone studied, which possibly precipitated on struvite nuclei. Minor amounts of urea, other stable inorganics, and minor organic inclusions are observed as well.publishe

Naturligt grupperat arbete vid Volvo Lastvagnar – F\uf6rstudie

Consumer report for the company in question (the Volvo Truck Company) which is financed by the company and partly also by a research foundation. It is a matter of a work that in this particular case were carried out during nine years in a number of experimental workshops located outside the Chalmers University of Technology. These workshops were financed by the Volvo Automobile and Truck companies. This achievement, as the final contribution to the Swedish automotive industry after having already treated this research field/problem area for more than two decades before this particular period if time (involving several junior and senior research competencies, as well as industrial and governmental foundings).More specifically, this publication shows how the initiation of e long cooperation project with the Volvo Truck Company as started. It illustrated how an engine preheater for a heavy truck chassis is assembled on one of the two assembly lines in the Volvo Tuve plant in Gothenburg. It became obvious for others and us that the original logic of this engine preheater was lost as the components required alternately were fitted at different work stations (implying the fact that the logic of the product architecture and product variation of the physical product are totally destroyed) (in fact, the situation was even worse while taking the computer formalized product information on both of the two Volvo companies into consideration