Relative distribution of breast asymmetry in patients requesting aesthetic mammoplasty

PURPOSE: Primary breast asymmetries are quite common. They can affect breast volume and shape, position of inframammary fold, position and size of breast base as well as nipple-areola complex. The aim of this study is to investigate the relative distribution of primary breast asymmetries in patients requesting aesthetic mammaplasty and to analyze the obtained results.MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study covered 360 female patients at a mean age 31.29±6.05 years who were admitted to the hospital for aesthetic breast surgery over a period of 10 years. Various asymmetries such as in the volume, shape, position and size of the mammary gland base, nipple-areola complex and inframammary fold were described, diagnosed and analyzed. Clinical observation, photo-analysis, anthropomorphic measurements and scanner (in case of skeletal deformities) were applied.RESULTS: The results showed a total of 241 patients with breast asymmetry or 66.9% of the cases. Bilateral micromastia was registered as the asymmetry with the highest frequency of occurrence or in 65.6% of the cases. Asymmetries in the position of the nipples on the vertical axis were found out in 88% of the women followed by irregularities in the vertical level of the inframammary fold diagnosed in 85.9% of the patients. Tuberous breast deformity was found in 20.3% of the patients. More than one sign of asymmetry was observed in 93.8% of the cases.CONCLUSION: Breast asymmetry is commonly identified in patients requesting aesthetic mammaplasty. Careful preoperative examination and assessment of these abnormalities underlie the correct planning and ensure the positive outcome of the surgical procedure.Scripta Scientifica Medica 2013; 45(2): 81-85

Profiti gospodarenja srnećom divljači u lovištima središnje Srbije

SummaryThe aim of this paper is to analyze the total breeding stock market in 2021/2022, an estimate of the value of the stock of this type of game, the culling value and income per 100 ha of total hunting areas of all hunting grounds in Central Serbia. This research covered the roe deer breeding stock in the hunting grounds of central Serbia. Based on the analysis, the directions and possibilities for increasing the income in all hunting areas of Serbia has been considered. The assessment of the value of the roe deer breeding stock was determined according to the Rulebook (Official Gazette, No. 18/19), while the income from roe deer culling was calculated using the market price list given by the Hunting Association of Serbia for 2021/2022. It was determined that the value of the male roe deer stock is 6.506.000 €, while the value of the female and offspring stock is approximately 3.615.000€. Total income of culled game in 2017/2018 was 480.626 €, while the income per 100 ha of the total area of all hunting areas is 9€. The highest total income is generated by the Central Hunting ground and it amounts to 191.785 €. In order to achieve a higher profit from the management of roe deer at the hunting grounds of central Serbia, it is necessary to completely fulfill the planned culling with an increased inclusion of roebucks that have higher trophy mass.SažetakIstraživanjem je obuhvaćen fond srneće divljači, u lovištima središnje Srbije. Cilj rada je analiziranje ukupnog matičnog fonda u 2021/2022. godini, procijena vrijedosti fonda ove vrste divljači, vrijednost odstrela i prihoda na 100 hektara ukupne površine lovišta u svim lovnim područjima središnje Srbije. Na osnovi analize razmotrit će se smjernice i mogućnosti za uvećanje prihoda u svim lovnim područjima Srbije. Procjena vrijednosti matičnog fonda srneće divljači utvrđena je prema Pravilniku (Službeni glasnik, br. 18/19), dok je prihod od odstrela srna izračunat je po tržišnom cjeniku koji propisuje Lovački savez Srbije za lovnu 2021/2022. godinu. Utvrđeno je da vrijednost fonda mužjaka koji iznosi 6.506.000 eura, te vrijednosti fonda ženki i podmladka oko 3.615.000 eura. Ukupan prihod odstrijeljene divljači u 2017/2018. iznosi 480.626 eura, dok je prihod na 100 hektara ukupne površine svih lovnih područja 9 eura. Najveći ukupan prihod ostvaruje Središnjo lovno područje i iznosi 191.785 eura. Prihodi po jedinici površine se razlikuju između različitih lovnih područja Srbije i dosta ovisi od intenziteta gospodarenje populacijama srneće divljači. Kako bi se ostvario veći profit od gospodarenja srnom običnom u lovištima središnje Srbije, potrebno je u potpunosti ostvariti planirani odstrel s povećanim učešćem srndaća veće trofejne mase

Micellar curcumin improves the antibacterial activity of the alkylphosphocholines erufosine and miltefosine against pathogenic Staphyloccocus aureus strains

In the light of the emerging bacterial resistance to broad-spectrum antibiotics, the search for new antibacterial therapeutics and drug combinations is one of the most challenging topics nowadays. In the present study, we investigated for the first time the antibacterial and biofilm inhibitory effects of the third generation anticancer alkylphosphocholine (APC) erufosine against pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus strains in comparison to the prototype of this pharmacological class of drugs, miltefosine. We also searched for synergistic antibacterial combinations between both APCs and curcumin incorporated in copolymeric micelles based on Pluronic® P123 or a mixture of Pluronic® P123 and Pluronic® F127 (P123/F127). The obtained quantitative redox-activity experimental data and drug–drug interactions were evaluated by using mathematical models in the MAPLE software. Similar to miltefosine, erufosine showed a moderate bacteriostatic effect in clinically relevant concentrations (50 ÷ 60 µmol/L) and inhibited the redox activity of the treated bacteria up to 90% at minimal inhibitory concentrations. The effect of both APCs towards methicillin resistant staphylococci was enhanced by combinations with P123/F127 micellar CRM at a ratio of 1:1. Erufosine showed a stronger median biofilm inhibition at lower concentrations (MBIC50 = 1.87 µmol/L) than miltefosine (MBIC50 = 6.0 µmol/L) and curcumin (MBIC50 = 24.84 µmol/L) as demonstrated by quantification of biofilm-bound bacteria. In conclusion, the estimated antibacterial activity of erufosine widens the spectrum of its useful pharmacological effects, which is important for its clinical development. The established synergistic and additive drug combinations could be beneficial for the application of both APCs in cancer therapy, since numerous malignancies are accompanied by bacterial infections