Influence of the Loading and Strain Rates on the Strength Properties and Formability of Higher-Strength Sheet

The paper analyses the influence of the loading rate in the interval from 1 to 1000 mm/min, which corresponds to the tensile machine working range, on the strength properties and the formability characteristics obtained on standard and notched test bars made of H340 LAD steel strips. The combination of the loading rate and the test bar type made it possible to obtain the relationships of monitored variables in the strain rate interval from 10–4 to 10 s–1. In this interval, the strength properties of the tested strips thick 1, 1,5 and 1,8 mm exponentially increase, but formability does not change up to the strain rate of 1 s–1

Utjecaj pjeskarenja na mehanička svojstva čeličnog lima

The paper analyses the influence of blasting conditions on the properties of steel sheet RSt 37-2 having the gauge of 3 mm. Due to blasting, the surface roughness increases by an order and the surface strain hardening takes place to the depth of ca 0.06 mm, which results in compressive stress on the sheet surface. The above-mentioned changes, among others, increase the yield point and decrease the fatigue life in the tension-zero cycle. The increase of the yield point and the decrease of the fatigue life are more significant if the diameter of the blasting medium (within the tested interval from 0,56 to 0,9 mm) and the impact angle (30 to 75°) are greater at the air pressure of 0,4 to 0,5 MPa.U radu se analizira utjecaj pjeskarenja na svojstva čeličnog lima RSt 37-2 debljine 3 mm. Zbog pjeskarenja hrapavost površine se povećava za neki red veličine, a hladno otvrdnjavanje površine se proteže do 0,06 mm dubine, posljedica toga je tlačno naprezanje na površini lima. Gore spomenute promjene, između ostalog, povećavaju granicu razvlačenja a smanjuju vrijeme umora materijala pri cikličkom naprezanju. Povećanje granice razvlačenja smanjenje vremena umora materijala su značajniji ako su promjer medija pjeskarenja (unutar ispitivanog intervala od 0,56 do 0,9 mm) i udarni kut (30 do 75°) veći pri zračnom tlaku od 0,4 do 0,5 MPa

Primjena video-extezometrije za usporedbe plastične deforamcije zavarenih traka

This paper presents the results obtained from the experimental study conducted in relation with the research focused to the plastic deformation development and its localisation during the static tensile test and test of the notch toughness on the welded steel sheets. The aim of experiments was to determine the possibilities of obtaining the data for the estimation of the welds toughness applying the video-extensometry scanning of the deformation distribution, to estimate deformations within the individual sections of the weld and to compare them with the notch toughness. Based of the results obtained it can qunatitied the relation between the strain and toughness of thich sheets.Primjena video-extezometrije za usporedbe plastične deforamcije zavarenih traka. Članak daje rezultate experimentalnog istraživanja razvitka plastične dformacije i njezin lokalizacije u epruvetama zavarenih čeličnih traka za vrijeme vlačnog i ispitivanja žilavosti. Cilj experimenta je određivanje mogućnosti dobivanja relacija o žilavosti zavara vide-extenziometrijskim očevidom deformacijskog polja, utvrditi deformaciju pojedinih dijelova zavara i to uspoređivati sa žilavosti. Na temelju dobivenih rezultata može se kvantificirati odnos deformacijskog polja i žilavosti po debljini trake

MODERNIZATION OF IRRIGATION SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT TO IMPROVE THEIR RELIABILITY

Results of many years of theoretical, operational and reclamation studies conducted in various climatic-economic conditions of the Republic of Uzbekistan are presented in the paper. Based on the research and experience data of developed countries, recommendations have been developed for modernizing the management of irrigation systems based on the cybernetic scheme model in order to increase the reliability coefficients of all parts of the system, as well as to increase the reliability coefficient and coefficient of performance (COP) of the Lower Syrdarya irrigation system

Observation of a tropopause fold by MARA VHF wind-profiler radar and ozonesonde at Wasa, Antarctica : comparison with ECMWF analysis and a WRF model simulation

Tropopause folds are one of the mechanisms of stratosphere-troposphere exchange, which can bring ozone rich stratospheric air to low altitudes in the extra-tropical regions. They have been widely studied at northern mid- or high latitudes, but so far almost no studies have been made at mid- or high southern latitudes. The Moveable Atmospheric Radar for Antarctica (MARA), a 54.5 MHz wind-profiler radar, has operated at the Swedish summer station Wasa, Antarctica (73A degrees S, 13.5A degrees W) during austral summer seasons from 2007 to 2011 and has observed on several occasions signatures similar to those caused by tropopause folds at comparable Arctic latitudes. Here a case study is presented of one of these events when an ozonesonde successfully sampled the fold. Analysis from European Center for Medium Range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF) is used to study the circumstances surrounding the event, and as boundary conditions for a mesoscale simulation using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. The fold is well resolved by the WRF simulation, and occurs on the poleward side of the polar jet stream. However, MARA resolves fine-scale layering associated with the fold better than the WRF simulation

Response of polar mesosphere summer echoes to geomagnetic disturbances in the Southern and Northern Hemispheres : the importance of nitric oxide

The relationship between polar mesosphere summer echoes (PMSE) and geomagnetic disturbances (represented by magnetic K indices) is examined. Calibrated PMSE reflectivities for the period May 2006-February 2012 are used from two 52.0/54.5 MHz radars located in Arctic Sweden (68 degrees N, geomagnetic latitude 65 degrees) and at two different sites in Queen Maud Land, Antarctica (73 degrees/72 degrees S, geomagnetic latitudes 62 degrees/63 degrees). In both the Northern Hemisphere (NH) and the Southern Hemisphere (SH) there is a strong increase in mean PMSE reflectivity between quiet and disturbed geomagnetic conditions. Mean volume reflectivities are slightly lower at the SH locations compared to the NH, but the position of the peak in the lognormal distribution of PMSE reflectivities is close to the same at both NH and SH locations, and varies only slightly with magnetic disturbance level. Differences between the sites, and between geomagnetic disturbance levels, are primarily due to differences in the high-reflectivity tail of the distribution. PMSE occurrence rates are essentially the same at both NH and SH locations during most of the PMSE season when a sufficiently low detection threshold is used so that the peak in the lognormal distribution is included. When the local-time dependence of the PMSE response to geomagnetic disturbance level is considered, the response in the NH is found to be immediate at most local times, but delayed by several hours in the afternoon sector and absent in the early evening. At the SH sites, at lower magnetic latitude, there is a delayed response (by several hours) at almost all local times. At the NH (auroral zone) site, the dependence on magnetic disturbance is highest during evening-to-morning hours. At the SH (sub-auroral) sites the response to magnetic disturbance is weaker but persists throughout the day. While the immediate response to magnetic activity can be qualitatively explained by changes in electron density resulting from energetic particle precipitation, the delayed response can largely be explained by changes in nitric oxide concentrations. Observations of nitric oxide concentration at PMSE heights by the Odin satellite support this hypothesis. Sensitivity to geomagnetic disturbances, including nitric oxide produced during these disturbances, can explain previously reported differences between sites in the auroral zone and those at higher or lower magnetic latitudes. The several-day lifetime of nitric oxide can also explain earlier reported discrepancies between high correlations for average conditions (year-by-year PMSE reflectivities and K indices) and low correlations for minute-to-day timescales

Wave influence on polar mesosphere summer echoes above Wasa : experimental and model studies

Comprehensive analysis of the wave activity in the Antarctic summer mesopause is performed using polar mesospheric summer echoes (PMSE) measurements for December 2010–January 2011. The 2-day planetary wave is a statistically significant periodic oscillation in the power spectrum density of PMSE power. The strongest periodic oscillation in the power spectrum belongs to the diurnal solar tide; the semi-diurnal solar tide is found to be a highly significant harmonic oscillation as well. The inertial-gravity waves are extensively studied by means of PMSE power and wind components. The strongest gravity waves are observed at periods of about 1, 1.4, 2.5 and 4 h, with characteristic horizontal wavelengths of 28, 36, 157 and 252 km, respectively. The gravity waves propagate approximately in the west-east direction over Wasa (Antarctica). A detailed comparison between theoretical and experimental volume reflectivity of PMSE, measured at Wasa, is made. It is demonstrated that a new expression for PMSE reflectivity derived by Varney et al. (2011) is able to adequately describe PMSE profiles both in the magnitude and in height variations. The best agreement, within 30%, is achieved when mean values of neutral atmospheric parameters are utilized. The largest contribution to the formation and variability of the PMSE layer is explained by the ice number density and its height gradient, followed by wave-induced perturbations in buoyancy period and the turbulent energy dissipation rateUpprättat; 2012; 20160629 (andbra