The diversity of long term financing sources for companies

The leasing it’s a form of financing through rent by the specialized financial companies in this operations, of some machines, equipments and some companies goods of the motivation to resort at this form of trade it’s in the specific of some operations that they achieve or in the fact that they don’t have sufficient founds of they own and borrowed to buy them. Having in view the multitude of ways to buy or to get only the utilization right of an asset (the leasing, the acquisition with cash from one’s own founds, the acquisition through a loan, the acquisition with the payment in rate) the beneficiary has to do a deep analyze of this sources. During this analyze, the most important factor has to be taken in consideration, it’s the cost of each way.leasing, long-term financing, banking loan, financing forms

STRUCTURAL FUNDS FOR INVESTMENTS BETWEEN 2007-2013

With the integration in the European Union structural funds Romania has reached values close to 28 billion euro for 2007-2013. Funding grants may be between 50% -100% of the investment required for that activity, the difference being the beneficiary's contribution. Grants are allocated only after a documentation to be submitted to the Designated Authority must comply fully and without exception, developed standard documentationdevelopment, funds, investment.

Thermal Fields in Laser Cladding Processing: A “Fire Ball” Model. A Theoretical Computational Comparison, Laser Cladding versus Electron Beam Cladding

Laser cladding processing can be found in many industrial applications. A lot of different materials processing were studied in the last years. To improve the process, one may evaluate the phenomena behaviour from a theoretical and computational point of view. In our model, we consider that the phase transition to the melted pool is treated using an absorption coefficient which can underline liquid formation. In the present study, we propose a semi-analytical model. It supposes that melted pool is in first approximation a “sphere”, and in consequence, the heat equation is solved in spherical coordinates. Using the Laplace transform, we will solve the heat equation without the assumption that “time” parameter should be interpolated linearly. 3D thermal graphics of the Cu substrate are presented. Our model could be applied also for electron cladding of metals. We make as well a comparison of the cladding method using laser or electron beams. We study the process for different input powers and various beam velocities. The results proved to be in good agreement with data from literature

A review of mental models research in child-computer interaction

AbstractResearch in cognitive science, science education, and developmental psychology has long investigating how children, based on their everyday experience, construct mental models of the world they live in. This paper provides a review of the research investigating the nature of mental models in the context of child-computer interaction, review elicitation techniques used within the field, and discusses its potential to further inform the design process. Exploring children's mental models of new technologies may bring about some further understanding in their cognitive and conceptual development, thus promting parents and teachers to guide them in exploring the new technological environment

Influence of litter on footpad dermatitis and body weight in broilers

Footpad dermatitis (FPD) is a relatively widespread problem in Europe and constitutes a welfare issue. FPD affect the plantar regions of the feet. In this study the influence of four type of litter (whole wheat straw, wood shavings, rice hulls and mixture of all three in the same proportion) on body weight and FPD was determined. A total of 1260 as-hatched broiler chickens (Ross 308) were randomly allocated in 12 pens of 5.0 m x 1.4 m. The body weights were recorded and calculated weekly for all birds from day 1 till 42 days. FPD occurred at as early as 7 days. Both foots were examined and scored for the incidence and development of FPD on a scale from 0 (no lesion) to 2 (very severe lesions). The body weights at 42 day were 2290.04 grams for birds reared on whole wheat straw, 2371.78 grams for birds reared on wood shavings, 2304.07 grams for broilers reared on rice hulls and 2321.85 grams for birds reared on mixture. FPD scores at 42 days were 7 (wood shavings), 24 (rice hulls), 78 (mixture) and 150 (hole wheat straw) exceeding the value of 50 points considered by the EU proposal 221 “Laying down minimum rules for the protection of chickens kept for meat production” as threshold. The incidences of FPD were 8% (wood shavings), 22% (rice hulls), 52% (mixture) and 80% (whole wheat straw). The litter had no significant effect on mortality. Mortality rate was lower than 1%+0.06% multiplied by 42 days (Council Directive 2007/43/EC). The results obtained in this study lead to the conclusion that litter type influences in a great extent the FPD score and body weights of broiler chickens at slaughter. (P<0.05)

Influence of cell wall curvature radius and adhesive layer on the effective elastic out-of-plane properties of hexagonal honeycombs

Numerical modeling of honeycomb structures in aerospace engineering is too tedious and time consuming. The homogenization of these structures permits to obtain an equivalent orthotropic homogeneous solid and its elastic effective properties and thus realizing very efficient simulations. In a sandwich structure the most important effective constants of the core are the out-of-plane shear moduli G23 and G13. These particular effective constants can be obtained analytically, numerically or, if available, can be taken from the producer's data sheets. In the last case they are generally obtained experimentally, but only for some particular thicknesses of the cores and sandwich faces. The analytical models usually neglect the curvature radius of the cell walls and the adhesive layer influence by using some additional hypotheses. In this paper a general parameterization of commercial honeycombs is first discussed. Then, neglecting the skin effect and considering the rigid skin effect, the out-of-plane properties of the core are obtained using a finite element analysis of a representative volume element. The numerical results are analyzed by comparing them to the ones given by the existing analytical models and/or experimental data and their advantages and pitfalls are discussed and explained. The results provide new insights into understanding the mechanics of honeycombs

Adaptive genetic potential of European silver fir in Romania in the context of climate change

Five provenance tests with twenty-six European silver fir autochthonous populations were used in order to assess the response of populations to climate change. Height growth and diameter at breast height of trees at age 31 years were considered as response variables and eight climate variables as predictors. Climatic variables for the trial sites and for origin location of provenances were calculated from 1961 to 2010. The experiments revealed a large genetic variability within species level and a plastic response to climate change, which certainly has a genetic basis. The transfer to warmer climate has resulted in an increase of the provenances growth, in the trial sites situated on the lower vegetation layer. But growth is significantly influenced by mean annual temperature and annual precipitation of planting site and also by the differences in mean annual temperature, annual precipitation, monthly mean temperature in July and July precipitation between provenance site and test site. These are the climatic factors which should be associated with risk in case of the transfer of forest reproductive materials. The provenance origin should be especially considered if the species will be planted outside of its current climate optimum. The best provenances in terms of total height and diameter at 1.30 m came from origin climate close to site climate, small transfer distances. Based on growth response functions and RCP4.5 scenario, we could project the shifts in species distribution for 2050s and 2100s and identify vulnerable populations.</p