Pigou's Dividend versus Ramsey's Dividend in the Double Dividend Literature

The aims of this paper are to highlight misinterpretations of policy assessments in the double dividend literature, to specify which of the efficiency costs and benefits should be ascribed to each dividend, and then, to propose a definition for the first dividend and the second dividend. We found the Pigou's dividend more appropiate for policy guidance than the usual Ramsey's dividend. Finally, the paper analyzes a green tax reform for the US economy to illustrate the advantages of the new definitions proposed in this paper: i) overcome some shortcoming of the mainstream current definitions in the literature regarding overestimation of the efficiency costs; and, ii) provide information by themselves and not as a partial view of the whole picture.Double dividend, Green Tax Reforms, Ramsey's dividend, Pigou's dividend

Una metodología para el seguimiento de objetivos definidos sobre series históricas: el caso del control monetario en España

En este articulo se describe una metodología para efectuar el seguimiento de objetivos económicos, definidos sobre un vector de series históricas que' han sido observadas en el pasado. El procedimiento consiste en calcular utilizando un filtro de Kalman, una senda de objetivos a corto plazo compatible con el modelo econométrico que describe la evolucion de las series y con el objetivo final. De esta manera, se evitan algunos elementos arbitrarios característicos de los métodos que se utilizan en la actualidad. La aplicación del sistema se ilustra mediante un ejemplo relativo al objetivo monetario en España

Restricted rr-Stirling Numbers and their Combinatorial Applications

We study set partitions with $r$ distinguished elements and block sizes found in an arbitrary index set $S$. The enumeration of these $(S,r)$-partitions leads to the introduction of $(S,r)$-Stirling numbers, an extremely wide-ranging generalization of the classical Stirling numbers and the $r$-Stirling numbers. We also introduce the associated $(S,r)$-Bell and $(S,r)$-factorial numbers. We study fundamental aspects of these numbers, including recurrence relations and determinantal expressions. For $S$ with some extra structure, we show that the inverse of the $(S,r)$-Stirling matrix encodes the M\"obius functions of two families of posets. Through several examples, we demonstrate that for some $S$ the matrices and their inverses involve the enumeration sequences of several combinatorial objects. Further, we highlight how the $(S,r)$-Stirling numbers naturally arise in the enumeration of cliques and acyclic orientations of special graphs, underlining their ubiquity and importance. Finally, we introduce related $(S,r)$ generalizations of the poly-Bernoulli and poly-Cauchy numbers, uniting many past works on generalized combinatorial sequences

Simulation software for batch binary distillation with Mathematica© code

Treballs Finals de Grau d'Enginyeria Química, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Curs: 2020-2021, Tutor: Joan Llorens LlacunaThe distillation process is studied in this assignment, which is one of the most utilized unit operations in all the chemical industry. With this intention, a simulation is carried out that explains the behaviour of a batch distillation column with a feed consisting of monoethylene glycol (MEG) and diethylene glycol (DEG). The computer programme used for this purpose is named Wolfram Mathematica©. Nonetheless, the ultimate aim of this assignment constitutes the creation of an interface that allows a non-expert user to execute the simulation of any binary distillation without possessing programming knowledge. The obtention of said simulation is due to applying the McCabe-Thiele method which enables to calculate, among others, the number of theoretical trays required by the distillation column. However, it was necessary to carry out some previous calculations such as finding out the equilibrium curve or the relationship between pressure and the volatility of the mixture, to just give a pair of examples. Finally, a similar distillation was carried out in the laboratory to evaluate how the already mentioned programme performs in a real situation. In both cases it has been concluded that the programme used is totally capable of meeting the requirements obtaining highly accurate results without saturating the kerne