Peñón de la Zorra y Puntal de los Carniceros (Villena, Alicante): Revisión de dos conjuntos de yacimientos campaniformes en el corredor del Vinalopó

En el presente artículo se revisa la información existente sobre dos yacimientos campaniformes del Alto Vinalopó-Peñón de la Zorra y Puntal de los Carniceros-. Su importancia dentro de la investigación en tierras levantinas los ha convertido en una referencia casi obligatoria desde su publicación por parte de J. M. Soler García

People of Islam. Funerary Ritual and Life Stories in the maqbara of Pamplona

Presentamos algunos resultados obtenidos del estudio osteoarqueológico realizado sobre los restos exhumados en la maqbara de la Plaza del Castillo de Pamplona. De las 172 sepulturas islámicas identificadas se han recuperado 177 esqueletos en diferentes estados de conservación. Demográficamente representa una población natural, propia de sociedades prevacunales, donde casi la mitad de la población falleció antes de alcanzar la edad adulta. Los datos patológicos han permitido reconocer diferentes enfermedades de origen infeccioso, metabólico, congénito y tumoral, entre otros. Destacan las lesiones de origen violento, que en cinco casos produjeron la muerte de los individuos, todos ellos hombres. Genéticamente se reconoce una población compleja con marcadores africanos, locales y mixtos. La identificación de manipulaciones dentales intencionadas, preferentemente en mujeres, permite reconocer marcadores culturales originariamente africanos, presentes igualmente en población genéticamente local, signo claro de la aculturación de parte de la población autóctona.We present some results obtained from the osteoarcheological study carried out on the remains exhumed in the maqbara of the Plaza del Castillo de Pamplona. Of the 172 Islamic graves identified, 177 skeletons have been recovered in different conservation states. Demographically, it represents a natural population, typical of pre vaccine societies, where almost half of the population died before reaching adulthood. The pathological data have allowed recognizing different diseases of infectious, metabolic, congenital and tumor origin, among others. Injuries of violent origin are highlights, which in five cases resulted in the death of individuals, men in all cases. A complex population with African, local and mixed markers is genetically recognized. The identification of intentional dental manipulations, preferably in women, allows us to recognize originally African cultural markers, also present in the genetically local population, a clear sign of acculturation on the part of the native population

On the edge of the invisible. Maternal deaths in the archaeological record in Navarre

Nuestro objetivo ha sido localizar, documentar y analizar las sepulturas en las que se asociaba la presencia de una mujer con restos de fetos o perinatales. Son doce los casos recogidos, nueve mujeres fallecidas en diferentes etapas de la gestación, dos en íntima relación con restos perinatales y otra con datos menos precisos debido a alteraciones post mortem. Todas las mujeres eran adultas con tallas entre los 147 y 158’5 cm. La edad fetal entre las 22 y 42 semanas. En un caso la causa de muerte fue intraparto. Varios fetos muestran alteraciones óseas posiblemente relacionadas con infecciones o déficits nutricionales. Todos los casos pertenecen a época medieval y moderna (s. VI-XV).Gure helburua izan da aurkitzea, dokumentatzea eta aztertzea emakumeen gorpuak eta ondoan fetu edo perinatalen gorpuzkinak dituzten hilobiak. 12 dira jaso jaso diren kasuak: bederatzi emakume haurdun hil zirenak, haurdunaldiko hainbat etapatan, bi gorpuzkin perinatalekin eta beste bat ez dituena horren datu zehatzak, hil ondoren eraldaketak izan zirelako. Guztiak ere emakume helduak, 147 eta 158,5 cm bitarte¬koak. Fetuen adina 22 astetik 42 astera bitartekoa. Kasuetako batean, heriotza erdit-zean gertatu zen. Zenbait fetuk hezurretan asaldurak dituzte, ziurrenik infekzioen edo elikadura urriaren ondorioz. Kasu guztiak dira Erdi Arokoak edo Aro modernokoak (VI-XV. mendeak).Our objective has been to locate, document and analyze those burials where woman presence was associated with the remains of fetuses or perinatals. Eleven cases have been collected, 9 women that died in different stages of gestation, two more in close relation with perinatal remains, and another with less precise data due to post mortem alterations. The fetuses were aged from 22 to 42 weeks. One case has been documented to be delivery dystocia. Several fetuses exhibit bone alterations, probably related to infections or nutritional deficits. All cases belong to medieval or modern times (6th-15th centuries)

Osteoarchaeological study of the Roman cremation at Sos del Rey Católico (Zaragoza)

Presentamos el estudio osteoarqueológico de los restos humanos procedentes del enterramiento romano recuperado en Sos del Rey Católico (Zaragoza). Se ha procedido a la identificación y descripción de las diferentes partes anatómicas, según la metodología descrita para las incineraciones. Hemos tenido en consideración la coloración de los huesos, su estado de fragmentación, su representación dentro del conjunto, etc., como elementos informadores sobre el proceso ritual. Las características antropológicas nos indican que se trata de un individuo adulto, sometido a alta temperatura, bastante bien conservado, con artropatía en la columna vertebral, cuyo sexo, sin embargo, no ha podido ser identificado.Here we present the osteoarchaeology study of the human remains on the Roman burial of Sos del Rey Católico (Zaragoza, Spain). The aim of this paper is to proceed to the identification and description on the different anatomic parts of those remains, following the useful methodology for studying ancient cremations. For this purpose, as an ultimate information on the ritual used in such a cremation, we have taken in consideration the colour of the bones, the state of fragmentation of the bones, and its representation in the whole cremation. The anthropological characters of the human remains studied lead us to their consideration like linked to an adult, cremated by high temperature, very well preserved, and with osteoarthritis in the vertebral column. The sex of the humans remains is not able to be defined

Combining additive input noise annealing and pattern transformations for improved handwritten character recognition

Two problems that burden the learning process of Artificial Neural Networks with Back Propagation are the need of building a full and representative learning data set, and the avoidance of stalling in local minima. Both problems seem to be closely related when working with the handwritten digits contained in the MNIST dataset. Using a modest sized ANN, the proposed combination of input data transformations enables the achievement of a test error as low as 0.43%, which is up to standard compared to other more complex neural architectures like Convolutional or Deep Neural Networks. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.This research reported has been supported by the Spanish MICINN under projects TRA2010-20225-C03-01, TRA 2011-29454-C03-02, and TRA 2011-29454-C03-03

CCE: An ensemble architecture based on coupled ANN for solving multiclass problems

The resolution of multiclass classification problems has been usually addressed by using a "divide and conquer" strategy that splits the original problem into several binary subproblems. This approach is mandatory when the learning algorithm has been designed to solve binary problems and a multiclass version cannot be devised. Artificial Neural Networks, ANN, are binary learning models whose extension to multiclass problems is rather straightforward by using the standard 1-out-of N codification of the classes. However, the use of a single ANN can be inefficient in terms of accuracy and computational complexity when the data set is large, or the number of classes is high. In this work, we exhaustively describe CCE, a new classifier ensemble based on ANN. Each member of this new ensemble is a couple of multiclass ANN's. Each ANN is trained using different subsets of the dataset ensuring these subsets to be disjoint. This new approach allows to combine the benefits of the divide and conquer methodology, with the use of multiclass ANNs and with the combination of individual classification modules that give a complete answer to the addressed problem. The combination of these elements results in a classifier ensemble in which the diversity of the base classifiers provides high accuracy values. Moreover, the use of couples of ANN proves to be tolerant to labeling noise and computationally efficient. The performance of CCE has been tested on various datasets and the results show the higher performance of this approach with respect to other used classification systems.This research was supported by the Spanish MINECO under projects TRA2016-78886-C3-1-R and RTI2018-096036-B-C22

Lane following learning based on semantic segmentation with chroma key and image superposition

There are various techniques to approach learning in autonomous driving; however, all of them suffer from some problems. In the case of imitation learning based on artificial neural networks, the system must learn to correctly identify the elements of the environment. In some cases, it takes a lot of effort to tag the images with the proper semantics. This is also relevant given the need to have very varied scenarios to train and to thus obtain an acceptable generalization capacity. In the present work, we propose a technique for automated semantic labeling. It is based on various learning phases using image superposition combining both scenarios with chromas and real indoor scenarios. This allows the generation of augmented datasets that facilitate the learning process. Further improvements by applying noise techniques are also studied. To carry out the validation, a small-scale car model is used that learns to automatically drive on a reduced circuit. A comparison with models that do not rely on semantic segmentation is also performed. The main contribution of our proposal is the possibility of generating datasets for real indoor scenarios with automatic semantic segmentation, without the need for endless human labeling tasks.This work was supported by the Spanish Government under projects PID2019-104793RBC31/ AEI/10.13039/501100011033, RTI2018-096036-B-C22/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, TRA2016- 78886-C3-1-R/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, and PEAVAUTO-CM-UC3M and by the Region of Madrid’s Excellence Program (EPUC3M17)

Driver Drowsiness Detection by Applying Deep Learning Techniques to Sequences of Images

This work presents the development of an ADAS (advanced driving assistance system) focused on driver drowsiness detection, whose objective is to alert drivers of their drowsy state to avoid road traffic accidents. In a driving environment, it is necessary that fatigue detection is performed in a non-intrusive way, and that the driver is not bothered with alarms when he or she is not drowsy. Our approach to this open problem uses sequences of images that are 60 s long and are recorded in such a way that the subject’s face is visible. To detect whether the driver shows symptoms of drowsiness or not, two alternative solutions are developed, focusing on the minimization of false positives. The first alternative uses a recurrent and convolutional neural network, while the second one uses deep learning techniques to extract numeric features from images, which are introduced into a fuzzy logic-based system afterwards. The accuracy obtained by both systems is similar: around 65% accuracy over training data, and 60% accuracy on test data. However, the fuzzy logic-based system stands out because it avoids raising false alarms and reaches a specificity (proportion of videos in which the driver is not drowsy that are correctly classified) of 93%. Although the obtained results do not achieve very satisfactory rates, the proposals presented in this work are promising and can be considered a solid baseline for future works.This work was supported by the Spanish Government under projects PID2019- 104793RB-C31, TRA2016-78886-C3-1-R, RTI2018-096036-B-C22, PEAVAUTO-CM-UC3M and by the Region of Madrid’s Excellence Program (EPUC3M17)

Perception welfare assessment of water reuse in competitive categories

The supply of reclaimed water to ecosystems increases their ecosystem service flows, which is directly translated into terms of social welfare. This study explores the factors that determine the different perceptions of the welfare impact of supplying reclaimed water to different, and competitive, ecosystems in the Segura river basin (southern Spain): specifically, an agroecosystem (agricultural irrigation) and a river (higher river flow). the results of a contingent valuation exercise with the population of the Murcia region show four different groups of respondents, depending on their willingness to pay (WTP) preferences. the factors that identify differences among welfare impacts are the age, the gender, the education level, the monthly income, the nearness of the household to the river, and, above all, the degree of satisfaction with funding of water reclamation. this study broadens our knowledge of individuals’ heterogeneous preferences in water reuse options, which is crucial for policy makers in the development of socially accepted and sustainable water resource management strategies.This research was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities [AGRISERVI: AGL2015-64411-R (MINECO/FEDER)], the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport (FPU 16/03473), and the ‘Fundación Seneca – Region de Murcia’ (19342/PI/14)