Influencia de la vibración sónica y el tipo de cemento en la fuerza de unión de los postes de fibra de vidrio después del envejecimiento.

Introduction: This study evaluated the influence of sonic vibration and thermocycling on the bond strength of fiberglass posts using conventional dual-cured and self-adhesive resin cements. Material and Methods: Ninety-six single-rooted endodontically treated teeth were divided randomly into eight groups according to the cement used (dual-cured or self-adhesive resin cement), use of sonic vibration during post accommodation, and aging conditions (24h in distilled water or 5,000 thermal cycles). The fiberglass posts (White Post DC1, FGM) were cleaned with alcohol, treated with silane and cemented with dual-cured (Allcem Core, FGM) or with self-adhesive resin cement (seT, SDI). For groups in which sonic vibration was used, the posts were accommodated, and sonic vibration was applied for 10 s using a special tip placed on top of the post (Sonic Smart Device, FGM). Pull-out tests were performed after storage in distilled water for 24h at 37°C or after thermocycling (5000 cycles, at 5°C and 55°C). The results were evaluated using three-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (?=0.05). Results: Significant differences were not observed between the bond strengths of dual-cured (87.93±41.81 N) and self-adhesive cement (82.53±41.43 N). Bond strength for the sonic vibration groups (100.36±42.35 N) was significantly higher than for groups without sonic vibration (70.13±34.90 N). There were significant differences between specimens subjected to thermocycling (98.33±39.42 N) and those stored for 24h in distilled water (72.16±39.67 N). Conclusion: It can be concluded that both sonic vibration and thermocycling significantly improved bond strength of fiberglass posts with the two evaluated resin cements.Introducción: Este estudio evaluó la influencia de la vibración sónica y el termociclado en la fuerza de unión de los postes de fibra de vidrio utilizando cementos de resina autoadhesivos y de curado dual convencionales Material y Métodos: Se dividieron aleatoriamente noventa y seis dientes tratados endodónticamente de raíz única en ocho grupos según el cemento utilizado (cemento de resina de curado dual o autoadhesivo), el uso de vibración sónica durante la acomodación posterior y las condiciones de envejecimiento (24 horas agua destilada o 5.000 ciclos térmicos). Los postes de fibra de vidrio (White Post DC1, FGM) se limpiaron con alcohol, se trataron con silano y se cementaron con cemento de curado dual (Allcem Core, FGM) o con cemento de resina autoadhesivo (seT, SDI). Para los grupos en los que se utilizó vibración sónica, se acomodaron los postes y se aplicó la vibración sónica durante 10 s utilizando una punta especial colocada en la parte superior del poste (Sonic Smart Device, FGM). Las pruebas de extracción se realizaron después del almacenamiento en agua destilada durante 24 horas a 37ºC o después del termociclado (5000 ciclos, a 5ºC y 55ºC). Los resultados se evaluaron mediante ANOVA de tres vías y la prueba de Tukey (? = 0.05). Resultados: No se observaron diferencias significativas entre las resistencias de adhesión del cemento de curado dual (87,93 ± 41,81 N) y el cemento autoadhesivo (82,53 ± 41,43 N). La fuerza de unión para los grupos de vibración sónica (100,36 ± 42,35 N) fue significativamente mayor que para los grupos sin vibración sónica (70,13 ± 34,90 N). Hubo diferencias significativas entre los especímenes sometidos a termociclado (98,33 ± 39,42 N) y los almacenados durante 24 h en agua destilada (72,16 ± 39,67 N). Conclusión: Se puede concluir que tanto la vibración sónica como el termociclado mejoraron significativamente la fuerza de unión de los postes de fibra de vidrio con los dos cementos de resina evaluados

Bond strength of resin cements to leucite-reinforced ceramics: part 2 – after one-year aging in water

The aim of this study was to compare the shear bond strength (SBS) of two resin cements bonded to four leucite-reinforced ceramics after one week and one year of aging. Material and methods: Forty ceramic blocks (4 mm wide, 14 mm length, and 2 mm thick) were used (1 week) and reused at the back side (1 year). The blocks were abraded with aluminum oxide (90 µm) and randomly divided into eight groups for each time. Two dual resin cements (RelyX ARC and RelyX U200 self-adhesive, 3M ESPE) were bonded to ceramics Creapress (CRE – Creation / Klema), Finesse All-Ceramic (FIN – Dentsply / Ceramco), IPS Empress Esthetic (IEE – Ivoclar Vivadent) and Vita PM9 (PM9-Vita). For each resin, time, and ceramic block, after applications of the 10% hydrofluoric acid (for 1 min) and silane, 3 Tygon cut tubes were positioned over each block and filled in with the resin cements (light-cured for 40 s). The tubing molds were removed to expose the bond specimens as cylinders (area=0.38 mm2) stored in relative humidity at 24±2°C for one week and at 37±2°C for one year. All bonds were tested in an Instron in shear (applied of the base cylinder with a thin wire - 0.25 mm) at speed of 0.5 mm/min, until failure. Results: The results were analyzed by ANOVA (resin cements, ceramic systems, and time) and Tukey test (p<0.05) for rank ordering of SBS. The FIN and IEE ceramics did not show significant SBS decreasing on aging with U200. The mean SBS decreasing for all the ceramics was 36% with ARC and 14% with U200 cement. Conclusion: The SBS of ARC cement were significantly lower for all ceramics with aging than that of U200 cement. The SBS of ARC cement was also weakened by aging. FIN ceramic + U200 cement proved to be the most stable and strongest bond strength, and PM9+ARC cement proved to be the weakest bond strength with low stability.The aim of this study was to compare the shear bond strength (SBS) of two resin cements bonded to four leucite-reinforced ceramics after one week and one year of aging. Material and methods: Forty ceramic blocks (4 mm wide, 14 mm length, and 2 mm thick) were used (1 week) and reused at the back side (1 year). The blocks were abraded with aluminum oxide (90 µm) and randomly divided into eight groups for each time. Two dual resin cements (RelyX ARC and RelyX U200 self-adhesive, 3M ESPE) were bonded to ceramics Creapress (CRE – Creation / Klema), Finesse All-Ceramic (FIN – Dentsply / Ceramco), IPS Empress Esthetic (IEE – Ivoclar Vivadent) and Vita PM9 (PM9-Vita). For each resin, time, and ceramic block, after applications of the 10% hydrofluoric acid (for 1 min) and silane, 3 Tygon cut tubes were positioned over each block and filled in with the resin cements (light-cured for 40 s). The tubing molds were removed to expose the bond specimens as cylinders (area=0.38 mm2) stored in relative humidity at 24±2°C for one week and at 37±2°C for one year. All bonds were tested in an Instron in shear (applied of the base cylinder with a thin wire - 0.25 mm) at speed of 0.5 mm/min, until failure. Results: The results were analyzed by ANOVA (resin cements, ceramic systems, and time) and Tukey test (p<0.05) for rank ordering of SBS. The FIN and IEE ceramics did not show significant SBS decreasing on aging with U200. The mean SBS decreasing for all the ceramics was 36% with ARC and 14% with U200 cement. Conclusion: The SBS of ARC cement were significantly lower for all ceramics with aging than that of U200 cement. The SBS of ARC cement was also weakened by aging. FIN ceramic + U200 cement proved to be the most stable and strongest bond strength, and PM9+ARC cement proved to be the weakest bond strength with low stability

Prevalence of TMD and its impact on quality of life in male construction workers / Prevalência de DTM e impacto na qualidade de vida de trabalhadores na construção civil

Background: Temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD) can significantly affect the quality of life of individuals. However, evidence of TMD involvement and the extent of the impacts caused by it, in groups exposed to a stressful routine, are still scarce. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of TMD signs and symptoms and their impact on quality of life related to oral health in construction workers. Material and methods: This cross-sectional study included only male individuals. Illiterate workers and functional illiterate were excluded. The diagnosis of TMD was established according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (RDC/TMD). The Oral Health Impact Profile questionnaire validated for Portuguese (OHIP-14) was used to assess the impact of TMD on oral health and quality of life. Descriptive analysis of TMD signs and symptoms was performed. Data related to the OHIP-14 questionnaire were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test. Pearson's correlation was also performed. The established alpha of this study was 5%. Results: 230 individuals were included. The mean age was 37.8 (SD=11) years. The most frequent TMD sign and the symptom was disc displacement, 86 (37.39%) of the individuals. OHIP-14 demonstrated a statistically significant difference when compared to all TMD signs and symptoms (p&lt;0.001). A weak correlation was observed between pain and OHIP-14 (r=0.366; p&lt;0.0001). Conclusion: TMD affects oral health and quality of life for construction workers

The Fourteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Spectroscopic Data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey and from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment

The fourth generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV) has been in operation since July 2014. This paper describes the second data release from this phase, and the fourteenth from SDSS overall (making this, Data Release Fourteen or DR14). This release makes public data taken by SDSS-IV in its first two years of operation (July 2014-2016). Like all previous SDSS releases, DR14 is cumulative, including the most recent reductions and calibrations of all data taken by SDSS since the first phase began operations in 2000. New in DR14 is the first public release of data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS); the first data from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory (APO) Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE-2), including stellar parameter estimates from an innovative data driven machine learning algorithm known as "The Cannon"; and almost twice as many data cubes from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at APO (MaNGA) survey as were in the previous release (N = 2812 in total). This paper describes the location and format of the publicly available data from SDSS-IV surveys. We provide references to the important technical papers describing how these data have been taken (both targeting and observation details) and processed for scientific use. The SDSS website (www.sdss.org) has been updated for this release, and provides links to data downloads, as well as tutorials and examples of data use. SDSS-IV is planning to continue to collect astronomical data until 2020, and will be followed by SDSS-V.Comment: SDSS-IV collaboration alphabetical author data release paper. DR14 happened on 31st July 2017. 19 pages, 5 figures. Accepted by ApJS on 28th Nov 2017 (this is the "post-print" and "post-proofs" version; minor corrections only from v1, and most of errors found in proofs corrected

NOTAS E RESENHAS

PIERRE MONBEIG, O PATRIARCA DA GEOGRAFIA PAULISTA E NACIONAL - Silvio Carlos BRAY FORMAÇÃO DE GEÓGRAFOS NA REPÚBLICA DEMOCRÁTICA ALEMÃ - Sylvio C. BANDEIRA DE MELLO E SILVA IMPACTO AMBIENTAL NA REGIÃO DE BRASILIA: AS CASCALHEIRAS - Maria NOVAES PINTO; Luiz Gonzaga FONSECA; Fernando MONTEIRO RIBEIRO IMPORTÂNCIA DO MONITORAMENTO EM AREAS AGRÍCOLAS - Miguel Cezar SANCHEZ; Nanci Aparecida VISACCHERO ANÁLISE DA QUALIDADE HÍDRICA PELA APLICAÇÃO DE BIO-INDICADORES (Contribuição aos Estudos Biogeográficos de Ambientes Aquáticos) - Adler G. VIADANA O TRABALHO INFORMAL NAS METRÓPOLES BRASILEIRAS: UMA ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA - Pedro DE ALMEIDA VASCONCELOS A VARIABILIDADE DAS TEMPERATURAS EM FUNÇÃO DE CARACTERÍSTICAS DAS VERTENTES - Anderson Luis HEBLING CHRISTOFOLETTI; Maria Juraci ZANI DOS SANTOS; Nádia Regina DO NASCIMENTO MIGRAÇÃO INTRA-URBANA: ALGUNS PROBLEMAS PARA A IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DE PROJETOS DE INVESTIGAÇÃO - Odeibler SANTO GUIDUGLI GEOGRAFIA INDUSTRIAL - Silvia SELINGARDI SAMPAIO DA VIDA BUCÓLICA AO USO DO SOLO E EXPLORAÇÃO DOS RECURSOS NATURAIS - Antonio CHRISTOFOLLETTI PROCESSOS POLÍTICOS E SÓCIO-ECONÔMICOS ATUANTES NA ORGANIZAÇÃO DOS SISTEMAS ESPACIAIS - Antonio CHRISTOFOLLETTI PROBLEMÁTICAS FOCALIZADAS EM GEOGRAFIA URBANA - Antonio CHRISTOFOLLETTI GEOGRAFIA DA POPULAÇÃO - Odeibler SANTO GUIDUGLI APLICAÇÕES HIDROLÓGICAS DA TECNOLOGIA ESPACIAL - Maria Isabel C. DE FREITAS RECURSOS ECONÔMICOS - Lucy Marion CALDERINI PHILADELPHO MACHADO AVALIAÇÃO ECONÔMICA DO MEIO AMBIENTE, SISTEMAS NATURAIS E DESENVOLVIMENTO - Ana Tereza CORTEZ MORAES BIOGEOGRAFIA E MEIO AMBIENTE - Walter Cecílio BRINO A TRANSIÇÃO TECNOLÓGICA EM CARTOGRAFIA - Miguel Cezar SANCHEZ MACMILLAN DICTIONARY OF THE ENVIRONMENT - Rolando BERRÍOS EARTH SCIENCE (PUPIL EDITION) - M. O. UMENWEKE EARTH SCIENCE (TEACHER EDlTION) - M. O. UMENWEK

6ª Diretriz de monitorização ambulatorial da pressão arterial e 4ª diretriz de monitorização residencial da pressão arterial

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Geography and ecology shape the phylogenetic composition of Amazonian tree communities

Aim: Amazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types. Location: Amazonia. Taxon: Angiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots). Methods: Data for the abundance of 5082 tree species in 1989 plots were combined with a mega-phylogeny. We applied evolutionary ordination to assess how phylogenetic composition varies across Amazonia. We used variation partitioning and Moran\u27s eigenvector maps (MEM) to test and quantify the separate and joint contributions of spatial and environmental variables to explain the phylogenetic composition of plots. We tested the indicator value of lineages for geographic regions and edaphic forest types and mapped associations onto the phylogeny. Results: In the terra firme and várzea forest types, the phylogenetic composition varies by geographic region, but the igapó and white-sand forest types retain a unique evolutionary signature regardless of region. Overall, we find that soil chemistry, climate and topography explain 24% of the variation in phylogenetic composition, with 79% of that variation being spatially structured (R$^{2}$ = 19% overall for combined spatial/environmental effects). The phylogenetic composition also shows substantial spatial patterns not related to the environmental variables we quantified (R$^{2}$ = 28%). A greater number of lineages were significant indicators of geographic regions than forest types. Main Conclusion: Numerous tree lineages, including some ancient ones (>66 Ma), show strong associations with geographic regions and edaphic forest types of Amazonia. This shows that specialization in specific edaphic environments has played a long-standing role in the evolutionary assembly of Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many lineages, even those that have dispersed across Amazonia, dominate within a specific region, likely because of phylogenetically conserved niches for environmental conditions that are prevalent within regions

Geographic patterns of tree dispersal modes in Amazonia and their ecological correlates

Aim: To investigate the geographic patterns and ecological correlates in the geographic distribution of the most common tree dispersal modes in Amazonia (endozoochory, synzoochory, anemochory and hydrochory). We examined if the proportional abundance of these dispersal modes could be explained by the availability of dispersal agents (disperser-availability hypothesis) and/or the availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits (resource-availability hypothesis). Time period: Tree-inventory plots established between 1934 and 2019. Major taxa studied: Trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 9.55 cm. Location: Amazonia, here defined as the lowland rain forests of the Amazon River basin and the Guiana Shield. Methods: We assigned dispersal modes to a total of 5433 species and morphospecies within 1877 tree-inventory plots across terra-firme, seasonally flooded, and permanently flooded forests. We investigated geographic patterns in the proportional abundance of dispersal modes. We performed an abundance-weighted mean pairwise distance (MPD) test and fit generalized linear models (GLMs) to explain the geographic distribution of dispersal modes. Results: Anemochory was significantly, positively associated with mean annual wind speed, and hydrochory was significantly higher in flooded forests. Dispersal modes did not consistently show significant associations with the availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits. A lower dissimilarity in dispersal modes, resulting from a higher dominance of endozoochory, occurred in terra-firme forests (excluding podzols) compared to flooded forests. Main conclusions: The disperser-availability hypothesis was well supported for abiotic dispersal modes (anemochory and hydrochory). The availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits seems an unlikely explanation for the distribution of dispersal modes in Amazonia. The association between frugivores and the proportional abundance of zoochory requires further research, as tree recruitment not only depends on dispersal vectors but also on conditions that favour or limit seedling recruitment across forest types

Geography and ecology shape the phylogenetic composition of Amazonian tree communities

AimAmazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types.LocationAmazonia.TaxonAngiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots).MethodsData for the abundance of 5082 tree species in 1989 plots were combined with a mega-phylogeny. We applied evolutionary ordination to assess how phylogenetic composition varies across Amazonia. We used variation partitioning and Moran's eigenvector maps (MEM) to test and quantify the separate and joint contributions of spatial and environmental variables to explain the phylogenetic composition of plots. We tested the indicator value of lineages for geographic regions and edaphic forest types and mapped associations onto the phylogeny.ResultsIn the terra firme and várzea forest types, the phylogenetic composition varies by geographic region, but the igapó and white-sand forest types retain a unique evolutionary signature regardless of region. Overall, we find that soil chemistry, climate and topography explain 24% of the variation in phylogenetic composition, with 79% of that variation being spatially structured (R2 = 19% overall for combined spatial/environmental effects). The phylogenetic composition also shows substantial spatial patterns not related to the environmental variables we quantified (R2 = 28%). A greater number of lineages were significant indicators of geographic regions than forest types.Main ConclusionNumerous tree lineages, including some ancient ones (&gt;66 Ma), show strong associations with geographic regions and edaphic forest types of Amazonia. This shows that specialization in specific edaphic environments has played a long-standing role in the evolutionary assembly of Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many lineages, even those that have dispersed across Amazonia, dominate within a specific region, likely because of phylogenetically conserved niches for environmental conditions that are prevalent within regions