Levonorgestrel intrauterine releasing system: long term health impact

Background: Menorrhagia, menstrual blood loss of more than 80 ml is a common health problem affecting 5-30% of women in India and accounts for 8% loss of economic wages annually. This study was conducted in PGIMER and Dr. RML Hospital New Delhi to evaluate the efficacy, acceptability and safety profile of LNG IUS (a non-invasive modality) in a variety of gynaecological disorders with associated menorrhagia.Methods: This was a noncomparative longitudinal observational study conducted in PGIMER and Dr RML Hospital New Delhi from June 2009 to September 2013.All patients with menorrhagia with or without dysmenorrhoea were screened and in suitable cases, LNG IUS was inserted in the postmenstrual phase after counselling and informed consent. Menstrual pattern, mean bleeding days, hemoglobin and satisfaction level was noted before insertion, 6 months, 1 year and 2 years post insertion.Results: 30 patients were recruited in the study over the first 2 years. 66.66% (20) had associated medical co morbidities. LNG IUS was spontaneously expelled in 2 (6.66%) and 3 subjects (10%) needed a hysterectomy due to persistent bleeding. The remaining 25 subjects continued with the device and these subjects had a significant decrease in mean bleeding days with associated significant rise in hemoglobin levels over 2 years.Conclusions: LNG-IUS is an underused useful device for several gynecological disorders and is a boon especially for those with medical comorbidities and should be offered to all suitable subjects.

Obstructive mullerian anamolies: a case series

AIM of the study was to review the heterogeneous clinical presentations and management options for some of the obstructive mullerian anomalies through a case series. Background: Müllerian duct anomalies (MDAs) are a miscellaneous group of entities that result from the non-development, defective vertical or lateral fusion, or resorption failure of the müllerian ducts due to genetic mutation. 5 cases of obstructive mullerian anomaly are reviewed. Cases of OHVIRA (obstructed Hemivagina with Renal Agenesis) syndrome, transverse vaginal septum, imperforate hymen and obstructed rudimentary horn of unicornuate uterus are included. Results: We found that cyclical abdominal pain was the most common presenting complaint. There is a high incidence of associated renal anomalies. Psychosocial counselling before treatment is necessary to address the functional and emotional aspects of the patient. Surgical management was done in all patients with good postoperative outcome. Conclusion: Obstructive mullerian anomalies need to be evaluated by a meticulous examination and imaging studies to reach the diagnosis with precision. The treatment has to be tailored to the specific anomaly

Dilemma in diagnosing ovarian ectopic pregnancy

To study different presentation of ovarian ectopic pregnancy and its management. All the 4 patients of ovarian ectopic pregnancy presented in our hospital in the month of April 2019 were analysed. We reported 4 cases with a pre-operative provisional diagnosis of ruptured ectopic pregnancy and intra-operative diagnosis of? ovarian ectopic pregnancy, however histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of ovarian ectopic pregnancy in only 2 of the cases while the other 2 were ruptured corpus luteal cyst. Wedge resection was performed in all 4 patients. Ovarian ectopic pregnancy is rare and can be missed radiologically and intra-operatively. Establishing early diagnosis is a challenge to the clinician, it commonly mimics tubal ectopic or ruptured corpus luteal cyst. Provisional diagnosis can be made intra-operatively when a hemorrhage mass is seen near the ovary with a normal fallopian tube but can be confirmed by histopathological examination. The chief goal of the treatment remains life-saving intervention by early diagnosis to reduce maternal mortality and morbidity

Correlation of clinical, biochemical and radiological characteristics with histopathology of ovarian masses: hospital based descriptive study

Background: Ovarian cancer is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the middle aged women. A systematic study of all ovarian tumours encountered in a large institute over a period of years is more likely to produce a significant amount of useful data regarding the clinical manifestations, the incidence of various types of ovarian tumours and the type of treatment offered. In this study we correlate various clinical presentations, ultrasound features, and various tumour marker levels with histopathology of ovarian masses.Methods: The study was conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology in collaboration with department of radiology and pathology and lab medicine, Deen Dayal Upadhyay hospital from April 2015 to December 2016.Results: In the present study, 97 ovarian masses have been operated out of total 708 gynaecological surgeries in the obstetrics and gynaecology department of Deen Dayal Upadhyay hospital over the stipulated period. Prevalence of ovarian masses was 13.7%. Most of the ovarian masses were prevalent in the reproductive age group i.e. 21-40 years of age group in the present study though malignant masses were commonest in post-menopausal age group in the present study. 2 out 11 malignant ovarian masses were in the age group of 10-20 years which were dysgerminoma and immature teratoma respectively. Intra-operative findings like presence of mural nodule, haemorrhage and necrosis, ascites, papillary excrescences and omental caking were also found to have strong correlation with malignancy.Conclusions: A detailed preoperative workup and a simple tool loke RMI can differentiate between benign and malignant masses pre-operatively especially in post-menopausal women

Fetomaternal outcome and effect of ursodeoxycholic acid in patients of obstetric cholestasis

Background: The objective of this study was to determine fetomaternal outcome and effect of ursodeoxycholic acid in patients of obstetric cholestasis.Methods: This study was prospective observational descriptive study of 130 women, which was conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology, Deen Dayal Upadhayay Hospital, New Delhi. Statistical analysis was performed using the z test when appropriate. A p value of <0.05 will be considered statistically significant.Results: Spontaneous onset of labour was present in 48.5% of patients, induction was done in 31.5% of patients and in rest 20% of patients LSCS was indicated. Normal vaginal delivery occurred in 97 of 130 patients while emergency LSCS done 33 of 130 patients. Emergency LSCS was done in 16 of 33 patients due to foetal distress. Pre-term delivery and PROM occurred in 8.5% and 9.2% of patients respectively while PPH occurred in 12.3% of patients. Among the 130 cases included in present study 34 patients (27.2%) had fetal distress, 41 patients (31.5%) had MSL and 40 neonates (32.0%) required NICU. 16 neonates out of 130 (12.8%) had birth weight below 2.5 kg. Apgar score was <7 after 5 min in 31 neonates.Conclusions: Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is useful in relieving symptoms and decreasing the biochemical markers.

Two interesting cases of gestational trophoblastic disease with methotrexate failure

Gestational trophoblastic disease is group tumours that are more sensitive and respond well to a wide variety of chemotherapeutic regimes. Presented here are two interesting cases one with life threatening bleeding requiring hysterectomy and other with persistent disease post evacuation. Both being low risk were treated with single agent methotrexate, but failed to respond. They responded to alternative chemotherapy. Methotrexate resistant is seen even in low risk group

Concurrent bilateral ectopic pregnancy: a rarity

Bilateral ectopic pregnancy is a rare twin gestation with only a few cases reported in the literature. We report a 30 year old woman without any high risk factor for ectopic pregnancy, who had concurrent bilateral ectopic pregnancy. A 30 year old female presented to the Gynecology emergency department complaining of vaginal bleeding and abdominal pain. The presumptive diagnosis of ruptured left sided ectopic pregnancy was made on basis of clinical findings and ultrasound finings. An emergency laparotomy was done revealed a hemoperitoneum of 1.5 liters, a ruptured left tubal pregnancy with active bleeding and right tubal un-ruptured ectopic was found. A bilateral salpingectomy was performed. Histopathology confirmed presence of chorionic villi in both tubes. In theory, laparoscopic salpingostomy is the best surgical approach in bilateral tubal pregnancy. However, bilateral salpingectomy may be necessary when both tubes are extensively damaged or are actively bleeding. Successful pregnancies have been reported after conservative surgical treatment of bilateral ectopic, but the risk of recurrence is high. Our decision for an emergency laparotomy followed by bilateral salpingectomy was based on the fact that the patient presented with acute abdomen and was haemodynamically unstable and there was extensive bilateral tubal damage. As the incidence of ectopic pregnancies is increasing concurrently with the incidences of pelvic inflammatory disease and use of assisted fertility techniques; it may be that these “rare ectopics” will become less uncommon

Acute pancreatitis in pregnancy: a challenge for the clinician

Acute pancreatitis is one of the very rare events in pregnancy associated with high maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. We are presenting a case of acute pancreatitis in a 25 year old G2P1L1 at 33 weeks of gestation with previous LSCS who presented to us with hypertension, epigastric pain, vomiting. Investigations revealed hyperamylysemia, hypertriglyceridemia and deranged liver enzymes. After examination and investigations, diagnosis of acute pancreatitis with pregnancy was made. She underwent caesarean section for obstetric hemorrhage and was put in intensive care for 3 days. She was discharged after. 1 week and is under regular follow up for past 6 months

Epitheloid leiomyoma of vulva: a diagnostic dilemma

Smooth muscle tumours are uncommon lesions of vulva. This case reflects the rare clinical presentation of leiomyoma of vulva, which commonly mimics bartholin gland cyst at presentation. A 25 year old P1L1 presents in GOPD as a painless non tender nodule at right labia majora, which gradually increased in size over last 2 years. Wide local excision was done. Histopathology revealed epitheloid leiomyoma of vulva. Recurrence is rare in benign cases

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in women with polycystic ovary syndrome attending a tertiary care hospital in West Delhi, India

Background: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).Methods: All the women attending the gynae out-patient department of our hospital were screened for polycystic ovary syndrome as diagnosed by the Rotterdam ESHRE/ASRM-sponsored PCOS consensus workshop group, 2004. Two hundred women with PCOS underwent screening for metabolic syndrome as defined by the national cholesterol education program adult treatment panel III (ATPIII) (2001) definition and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was compared with two hundred age and BMI matched healthy control subjects. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied, and significant predictors identified for the prediction of metabolic syndrome.Results: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome among PCOS patients was 42 % in present study group as compared to 14 % in control group (p=0.01). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was even higher in obese PCOS Vs non obese PCOS (52 % Vs 28.6 %). But even non-obese PCOS had higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome as compared to controls (28.6 % Vs 14 %).Conclusions: The study suggests a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with PCOS & thus it is important to screen all PCOS patients for manifestations of metabolic syndrome & its cardiovascular sequelae