The fatty acids profile of traditional European sausages

The Mid-Eastern Europe is famous for production of wide known sausages as: kranjska klobasa, csabai kolbász, mangalica kolbász, slavonski kulen, kulenova seka, češnjovka, domaća kobasica, zlatiborski kulen, levačka kobasica, sremska kobasica, hauswurst. The aim of work was the assessment of fatty acids profile fat of traditional European sausages (produced in Poland, Lithuania, Slovakia, Czech Republic, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Hungary, Austria, Italy and Spain) obtained from meat of native pigs breeds bred in a traditional way. The analyzed sausages were different in the total fat contents and fatty acids profiles

Influence of sire breed on meatiness of pig carcass

: The aim of this paper was to determine the influence of sire breed on meatiness of pig carcass. Trial was conducted on 480 pigs, offspring of six boars, of two genotype Large White (LW) and Swedish Landrace (SL). Average body mass of examined animals were 114.5 kg. Share of meat yield of pig carcass was estimated on the slaughter line using two methods. First method use “two point” system where first measurement is depth of m. longissimus measured as the shortest link/connection between front (cranial) end of m. gluteus medius and the top (dorsal) rim/edge of the spinal canal and second is where m. gluteus medius penetrates the fat tissue the most. Second method also use two measurements: X1= thickness of fat tissue (with skin) in millimeters measured on medial carcass surface between 3rd and 4th lumbal vertebrae, caudo-cranially and X2=thickness of fat tissue (with skin) in milimeters measured on medial carcass surface between 3rd and 4th rib, caudo-cranially. The meatiness of the progeny very significantly depended on boar genotype (p<0.01). Offspring of SL boars had better results in both methods (60.47; 56.45%), than LW offspring (60.35; 55.85%)

The chemical composition of traditional european sausages

Central-Eastern Europe is famous of sausages production such delighted as: kranjska klobasa, csabai kolbász, mangalica kolbász, slavonski kulen, kulenova seka, češnjovka, domaća kobasica, zlatiborski kulen, levačka kobasica, sremska kobasica, hauswurst. The aim of work was the assessment of chemical composition of traditional European sausages (produced in Poland, Czech Republik, Slovakia, Serbia, Austria and Italy) obtained from meat of autochthonous pigs bred in a traditional way. The analysed sausages differed in chemical composition and it was caused by different recipes and differences in raw meat chemical composition originating from native pigs breeds. The highest differences were present in the fat content in sausages. All analysed sausages fulfilled the new requirements of the European Union concerning maximum PAH levels in the selected foodstuffs as considered in the Commission Regulation (EC) no 835/2011

Quality of meat from native pigs

Production of traditional meat products, characterized by very good organoleptic properties demands specific raw material which is meat from pigs with slaughter weight 120 kg, intramuscular fat content higher then 3% and bred by extensive system. Some of breeds which can fulfil this requirements are native breeds likeMangalitza, Moravka, Złotnicka Spotted, Złotnicka White and Pulawska pigs. Aim of this study was analysis of raw meat from Mangalitza, Moravka, Złotnicka Spotted, Złotnicka White and Pulawska pigs – quality of meat and its technological values were evaluated. Meat from analysed pigs had proper chemical composition, favourable n3/n6 fatty acids profile, low drip loss, proper pH. The composition of loin of: Puławska, Złotnicka, Mangalica and Moravka races was similar in protein, ash and carbohydrates contents. The content of intramusular fat in loins of examined races ranged from 3.0% (Złotnicka White) to 5,1% (Moravka). In this study there was confirmed good meat quality and its usefulness for production of traditional products.Proizvodnja tradicionalnih proizvoda od mesa, koje karakterišu vrlo dobre organoleptičke osobine, zahteva specifičnu sirovinu tj. meso od svinja težine na klanju od 120 kg, intramuskularnim sadržajem masti većim od 3% i uzgajanih u ekstenzivnom sistemu. Neke od rasa koje mogu ispuniti ove zahteve su domaće rase kao što su mangulica, moravka, zlotnička šarena, zlotnička bela i pulavska svinja. Cilj ove studije bila je analiza sirovog mesa svinja rase mangulica, moravka, zlotnička šarena, zlotnička bela i pulavska - kvalitet mesa i njegove tehnološke vrednosti. Meso od analiziranih svinja imalo je adekvatan hemijski sastav, povoljan profil n3/n6 masnih kiselina, nizak kalo, odgovarajući pH. Sastav slabine pułavske svinje, złotničke svinje, mangulice i moravke je sličan u sadržaju proteina, pepela i ugljenih hidrata. Sadržaj intramuslularne masti u slabinama ispitanih rasa varira od 3,0% (zlotnička bela) do 5,1% (moravka). U ovoj studiji potvrdjen je dobar kvalitet mesa i njegova korisnost za proizvodnju tradicionalnih proizvoda

The Muscle Fibre Characteristics and the Meat Quality of m. longissimus thoracis from Polish Native Z&#322;otnicka Spotted Pigs and the Crossbreed Fatteners from the Crossing of Duroc and Polish Large White Boars

The aim of the investigations were to assess the meat raw material of the domestic Z&#322;otnicka Spotted swine breed as well as its hybrids with Duroc and Polish Large White breeds with respect to quality, technological usefulness, and muscle fibre composition and structure. The suitability of individual swine genetic groups (Z&#322;otnicka Spotted &times; Z&#322;otnicka Spotted, Z&#322;otnicka Spotted &times; Duroc, Z&#322;otnicka Spotted &times; Polish Large White, Z&#322;otnicka Spotted &times; Z&#322;otnicka Spotted/Duroc) for the production of heavy fatteners which can be used as slaughter raw material to manufacture raw and raw-ripening meat products was ascertained. Z&#322;otnicka Spotted pigs were characterised by a statistically significantly smaller proportion of IIB fibres and a higher share of I and IIA fibres in the longissimus thoracis muscle in comparison to the hybrids of this breed with Duroc and Polish Large White breeds. The diameter of all muscle fibre types in the longissimus thoracis muscle of the Z&#322;otnicka Spotted breed was greater than in hybrids. No statistically significant differences were found between the parameters of colour and the free drip and the water absorbability of the loin of the Z&#322;otnicka Spotted breed pigs and their hybrids with Duroc and Polish Large White breeds. The examined meat was characterised by a small free drip and good water absorbability. The hybrid pigs (Z&#322;otnicka Spotted &times; Duroc) were characterised by the highest content of intramuscular fat (IMF) in the longissimus thoracis muscle, which resulted in the lowest sheer force of roasted loin and the lowest thermal drip compared to other hybrids. Smoked, raw loin obtained from the longissimus thoracis muscle of the Z&#322;otnicka Spotted breed was found to be the most tender, whereas tenderness of the identical loin derived from the longissimus thoracis muscle of the Z&#322;otnicka Spotted bred hybrids with the Duroc and Polish Large White breeds was poorer. Due to the small headage of the Z&#322;otnicka Spotted breed, the appropriate numbers of fatteners of good meat quality parameters suitable to manufacture raw, ripening meat products can only be secured by the crossing of this breed with other meat breeds. Therefore, it appears that crossing the Z&#322;otnicka Spotted pigs with Duroc pigs would be a suitable solution

Meat Quality of the Native Carpathian Goat Breed in Comparison with the Saanen Breed

Goats provide valuable products that are appreciated by consumers who are looking for food that is not only tasty but also healthy, and, probably, one of them is goat meat. Breeding of local breeds such as the native Carpathian goat has been gaining importance in recent years, which creates an opportunity for the development of the goat meat market. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of goat breed on the basic chemical, fatty and amino acid composition, colour and sensory evaluation of meat. The research material consisted of Carpathian goats from the NRIAP experimental plant located in the southern part of Poland, and goats from a farm keeping Saanen goats in south-eastern Poland. Ten male goat kids from each breed were taken to the NRIAP farm. The quality of meat obtained from the leg (m. biceps femoris) of male goat kids about 150 days old at slaughter was analysed. The meat of the Carpathian goat was characterised by a lower content of protein and cholesterol (p &lt; 0.01), and a higher content of fat and general collagen compared to the meat from Saanen goats (p &lt; 0.05). Cholesterol content in goat meat of both breeds was similar and ranged from 55.08 mg/100 g (Carpathian) to 56.79 mg/100 g (Saanen). Despite the higher collagen content, the goat meat of Carpathian breeds was characterised by lower shear force, less hardness (p &lt; 0.05) and chewiness, being a more delicate meat. The fat of Carpathian goat breeds was characterised by a higher content of monounsaturated acids, mainly C 18:1n:9, and a more favourable (lower) saturation index, S/P (p &lt; 0.05). The meat of Carpathian goats was characterised by a higher health-promoting quality compared to the meat from Saanen goats. In the goat meat of both breeds, there were no differences between the total content of exogenous and endogenous amino acids. The essential/nonessential amino acids (EAA/NEAA) ratio in the meat of the analysed breeds was 0.88:0.89. However, the meat of the Carpathian goats was statistically significantly higher concerning the content of phenylalanine, histidine, proline, alanine and tyrosine, as compared to the meat of the Saanen goats. The obtained results confirm the high quality of the meat of the local Carpathian breed in comparison to the Saanen breed

Usefulness of Changes in the Food Safety System – on the Basis of the Audits of NIK, EC and Own Studies

Polski system nadzoru nad bezpieczeństwem żywności jest wieloinstytucjonalny. Powołanie Państwowej Inspekcji Bezpieczeństwa Żywności, dzięki konsolidacji Inspekcji Weterynaryjnej, Państwowej Inspekcji Ochrony Roślin i Nasiennictwa, Inspekcji Jakości Handlowej Artykułów Rolno-Spożywczych oraz przeniesienie do nowego podmiotu części zadań z Państwowej Inspekcji Sanitarnej, Inspekcji Handlowej, a w zakresie dotyczącym kontroli stosowania i składowania nawozów także zadań Inspekcji Ochrony Środowiska, posłużyłoby ujednoliceniu procesów kontrolnych i monitorujących, ograniczyło niejasności kompetencyjne i decyzyjne oraz poprawiło bezpieczeństwo żywności w Polsce. Biorąc pod uwagę wyniki kontroli przeprowadzonych przez Najwyższą Izbę Kontroli oraz audytów Dyrekcji Generalnej ds. Zdrowia i Bezpieczeństwa Żywności Komisji Europejskiej, jak również obserwacje własne, przedstawiono celowość zmian istniejącego systemu kontroli bezpieczeństwa żywności w Polsce.The Polish system for food safety supervision comprises numerous institutions. The establishment of the State Food Safety Inspectorate (Polish: Państwowa Inspekcja Bezpieczeństwa Żywności), thanks to consolidation of the Veterinary Inspectorate, the State Inspectorate of Protection of Plants and Seeds, the Inspectorate for Trade Quality of Food Produce, as well as to the transfer of several responsibilities of the State Sanitary Inspectorate, the Trade Inspectorate and the Environment Protection Inspectorate – with regard to using and storing of fertilizers – to the new institution, would lead to unification of supervision and monitoring processes. It would also reduce the blurred competence and decision-making responsibilities, ultimately adding to the improvement of food safety in Poland. Considering the results of the audits conducted by the Supreme Audit Office and by the Directorate-General for Health and Food Safety of the European Commission, as well as their own observations, the authors of the article have discussed the justifications for changes in the current food safety system in Poland

Native Oils from Apple, Blackcurrant, Raspberry, and Strawberry Seeds as a Source of Polyenoic Fatty Acids, Tocochromanols, and Phytosterols: A Health Implication

The oils from strawberry, blackcurrant, raspberry, and apple seeds were characterized by a high content of unsaturated fatty acids (90.8%, 88.6%, 94.0%, and 86.9%, resp.). Strawberry and raspberry oils had high levels of C18:2 (45.4% and 49.0%) and αC18:3 (29.0% and 33.0%, resp.). Blackcurrant oil was the richest source of γC18:3 (18.5%) and C18:4 (3.6%). Apple oil had high levels of C18:2 (55.5%) and C18:1 (29.4%). Blackcurrant oil had 229.5 mg/100 g of tocochromanols, predominantly γ-tocopherol (117.8 mg/100 g) and α-tocopherol (84.3 mg/100 g). Raspberry oil was rich in γ-, α-, and δ-tocopherol (193.5; 65.6; and 32.2 mg/100 g, resp.). Strawberry oil contained γ- and δ-tocopherol, 49.0 and 6.1 mg/100 g, respectively. Apple contained all isomers of α-, β-, γ-, and δ-tocopherols at 41.7, 62.7, 13.6, and 21.8 mg/100 g, respectively. The level of tocotrienols in the analysed oils ranged from 0.85 to 6.73 mg/100 g. Ten different phytosterols were found in the tested oils. The richest sources of phytosterols were blackcurrant oil (6824.9 μg/g) followed by raspberry (5384.1 μg/g), strawberry (4643.1 μg/g), and apple oil (3460.0 μg/g). The dominant compound in the analysed oils was sitosterol, from 2630 μg/g in apple oil to 3630 μg/g in blackcurrant oil

Biochemical Properties Affecting the Nutritional Quality, Safety, and Aroma of Dry-Cured Products Manufactured from Meat of Rare Native Pig Breeds

The aim of study was to compare the biochemical properties affecting the nutritional quality, safety, and aroma of dry-cured products manufactured from valuable meat of rare native pig breeds: Pulawska (Pul) and Zlotnicka Spotted (ZS). The count of lactic acid bacteria (4.4 log cfu/g) and the release of palmitic (23.1% and 25.9%), oleic (44.1% and 42.2%), and linoleic acids (8.3% and 7.8%), as well as arginine (30.0 and 44.3 mg/kg), histidine (25.8 and 20.6 mg/kg), and lysine (26.8–22.9 mg/kg), shaped the final pH (5.3 and 5.4) in Pul and ZS products during the 4 week maturing, respectively. Lastly, Pul and ZS meat differed in the proportion of decanoic, lauric, stearic, arachidic, and conjugated linoleic acids. The high content of putrescine (23.7 mg/kg), cadaverine (54.3 mg/kg), and tyramine (57.2 mg/kg), as well as a twofold greater share of histamine (163.2 mg/kg) and tryptamine (9.1 mg/kg), indicated a more advanced decarboxylation of ZS meat. Volatile compounds differentiating Pul and ZS meat were primarily hexanal, 3-hydroxybutan-2-one, phenylacetalaldehyde, 2,3-dimethyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one, 2-cyclopenten-1-one, and 3-methyl- and 2-cyclopenten-1-one. Most marked volatile compounds were obtained as a result of microbial activity (acetic acid, 3-methylbutan-1-ol, ethanol, acetone, and 3-hydroxybutan-2-one), advanced lipid oxidation, and decomposition of secondary oxidation products (hexanal, phenylacetaldehyde, and 2-cyclopenten-1-one)