Boosting the autonomy of regional banking systems as a driver of economic development: The case of Russia

The object of the research study reported in this paper is to work out a set of practical recommendations on reforming the key instruments and mechanisms that underpin state regulation of Russia's banking sector to help boost the autonomy of its regions' banking systems based on a set of inferences derived regarding the effect of autonomy in terms of boosts in the efficiency of regional banking systems. The authors' practical recommendations are aimed at stimulating the self-development of the nation's regions. Institutional regulation of the regional banking system is proceeding along the path of putting together regional financial-industrial clusters, participants in which are eligible for the long-term use of the resources available. What is open to question is the degree to which the regulator's standards and requirements are differentiated depending on the specificity of the region's economy and the bank's sectoral specialization

Developing Methods and Algorithms for Cloud Computing Management Systems in Industrial Polymer Synthesis Processes

To date, the resources and computational capacity of companies have been insufficient to evaluate the technological properties of emerging products based on mathematical modelling tools. Often, several calculations have to be performed with different initial data. A remote computing system using a high-performance cluster can overcome this challenge. This study aims to develop unified methods and algorithms for a remote computing management system for modelling polymer synthesis processes at a continuous production scale. The mathematical description of the problem-solving algorithms is based on a kinetic approach to process investigation. A conceptual scheme for the proposed service can be built as a multi-level architecture with distributed layers for data storage and computation. This approach provides the basis for a unified database of laboratory and computational experiments to address and solve promising problems in the use of neural network technologies in chemical kinetics. The methods and algorithms embedded in the system eliminate the need for model description. The operation of the system was tested by simulating the simultaneous statement and computation of 15 to 30 tasks for an industrially significant polymer production process. Analysis of the time required showed a nearly 10-fold increase in the rate of operation when managing a set of similar tasks. The analysis shows that the described formulation and solution of problems is more time-efficient and provides better production modes. Doi: 10.28991/esj-2021-01324 Full Text: PD

Numerical simulation of excitation-contraction coupling in a locus of the small bowel

A mathematical model for the excitation-contraction coupling within a functional unit (locus) of the small bowel is proposed. The model assumes that: the functional unit is an electromyogenic syncytium; its electrical activity is defined by kinetics of L- and T-type Ca2+-channels, mixed Ca2+-dependent K+-channels, potential-sensitive K+-channels and Cl--channels; the basic neural circuit, represented by the cholinergic and adrenergic neurones, provides a regulatory input to the functional unit via receptor-linked L-type Ca2+-channels; the smooth muscle syncytium of the locus is a null-dimensional contractile system. With the proposed model the dynamics of active force generation is determined entirely by the concentration of cytosolic calcium. The model describes electrical processes of the propagation of excitation along the neural circuit, chemical mechanisms of nerve-pulse transmission at the synaptic zones and the dynamics of active force generation. Numerical simulations have shown that it is capable of displaying different electrical patterns and mechanical responses of the locus. The simulated effects of: tetrodotoxin, β-bungarotoxin, salts of divalent cations, inhibitors of catechol-O-methyltransferase and neuronal uptake mechanisms, and changes in the concentration of external Ca2+ on the dynamics of force generation have been analysed. The results are in good qualitative and quantitative agreement with results of experiments conducted on the visceral smooth muscle of the small bowel. © Springer-Verlag 1996

Electrical activity of the sensory afferent pathway in the enteric nervous system

In this paper we develop a mathematical model for the electrical activity of the afferent pathway, formed from the coupled primary and secondary sensory neurons. The primary sensory neuron possesses the electrical properties of AH neurons and morphological characteristics of Dogiel type II neurons; the secondary sensory neuron displays the tonic type of electrical behavior and has morphological features of Dogiel type III neurons. Free nerve endings of the mechanoreceptor form the receptive field of the pathway. Based on the general principles of the Hodgkin-Huxley description of excitable cells, the model simulates the following sequence of events: stretch of the receptive field initiates the dendritic potential at the mechanoreceptors; the excitation causes soma action potential development at the primary sensory neuron which is followed by soma action potential generation at the secondary sensory neuron. Numerical calculations have shown that the model is capable of reproducing different electrical patterns within the pathway under normal physiological conditions and after treatment with charybdotoxin, iberiotoxin, tetrodotoxin, ω-conotoxin GVIA, A1-A2 purinoceptor agonists, a protein kinase C activator, and a δ-opioid receptor agonist. Comparison of the computational results with the results of experiments conducted on the neurons of the submucous and myenteric plexi of the small bowel demonstrates their good qualitative and quantitative agreement. © Springer-Verlag 1996

Effects of selective K+-channel agonists and antagonists on myoelectrical activity of a locus of the small bowel

Effects of Ca2+-activated K+ and voltage-activated K+-channel agonists and antagonists on the myoelectrical and contractile activity of a locus of the small bowel are simulated numerically. The model assumes that the electrical activity of smooth muscle syncytium is defined by kinetics of a mixture of L- and T-type Ca2+-channels, Ca2+-activated K+ and voltage-activated K+-channels, and leak Cl--channels, and that the smooth muscle syncytium of the locus is a null-dimensional contractile system. The results of modelling, both qualitatively and quantitatively, reproduce the effects of forskolin, lemakalim, phencyclidine, charybdotoxin and high concentration of external K+ ions, on gastrointestinal motility. This is confirmed by comparison with experimental observations conducted on the smooth muscle preparations of different species. © Springer-Verlag 1996

State support of investment projects of the chemical industry in Russia

© 2016 Taylor & Francis Group, London.The article provides an overview of the problems of the state support development for the chemical and petrochemical complex of Russia as economic growth points. In this article, the author has determined the strategic tasks and subtasks of the state that is invited to support the industry and analyze opportunities to increase the support for the industry-oriented investment projects by the state development institutions (for example, Bank for Development and Foreign Economic Affairs (Vnesheconombank). Based on the study, the authors suggest introducing selective changes into the mechanisms of reviewing and funding of the institute of investment projects development

Model predictions of myoelectrical activity of the small bowel

A mathematical model for the periodic electrical activity of a functional unit of the small intestine is developed. Based on real morphological and electrophysiological data, the model assumes that: the functional unit is an electromyogenic syncytium; the kinetics of L, T-type Ca2+, mixed Ca2+-dependent K+, potential sensitive K+ and Cl- channels determines electrical activity of the functional unit; the basic neural circuit, represented by a single cholinergic neurone, provides an excitatory input to the functional unit via receptor-linked L-type Ca2+ channels. Numerical simulation of the model has shown that it is capable of displaying the slow waves and that slight modifications of some of the parameters result in different electrical responses. The effects of the variations of the main parameters have been analyzed for their ability to reproduce various electrical patterns. The results are in good qualitative and quantitative agreement with results of experiments conducted on the small intestine. © Springer-Verlag 1996