Superconducting SET with tunable electromagnetic environment

We have studied the environmental effect on superconducting single-electron transistors (S-SETs) by biasing S-SETs with arrays of small-capacitance dc SQUIDs, whose effective impedance can be varied in situ. As the zero-bias resistance of the arrays is increased, Coulomb blockade in the S-SET becomes sharper, and the gate-voltage dependence changes from e-periodic to 2e-periodic. The SQUID arrays could be used as on-chip noise filters.Comment: 2 pages, 3 embedded figures, submitted to LT23 proceedings. Error in Fig. 1 has been fixe

EFFICIENT PATTERNS OF CONSERVATION ACTIVITIES IN A WATERSHED: THE CASE OF THE GRANDE RONDE RIVER, OREGON

This research examines a spatially explicit allocation of habitat restoration activities in an Oregon watershed to meet water temperature targets for the benefit of endangered salmonid fish species. Integrating hydrological, biological and economic models, a series of optimization problems are investigated for different policy targets including temperature reductions and enhanced fish populations. Results indicated that the heterogeneous nature of riparian conditions and stream morphology needs to be considered if restoration activities are to be allocated efficiently in a watershed. We also found that it is less costly to implement restoration activities in tributaries if the objective is to maximize stream length where water temperatures decrease by a certain degree. Although temperature reductions are primarily achieved by shading in nearby reaches, if a desired level of temperature reductions increases, then it is necessary to apply restoration efforts in remote reaches.Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

Elevation of Collagenase Activity in Fatty Liver

Liver collagenase activity increased without liver cell necrosis in non-alcoholic and alcoholic fatty liver induced by feeding rats a choline-deficient diet or alcohol-liquid diet, respectively. The liver hydroxyproline content did not increase during a marked rise in collagenase activity in non-alcoholic fatty liver, but the content gradually increased after collagenase activity diminished. However, the hydroxyproline content increased slowly with a slight concomitant increase in collagenase activity in alcoholic fatty liver. The regulatory mechanism of fibrogenesis in fatty liver is discussed