5 research outputs found

    Nuevo tratamiento de oxidaci贸n en aleaciones de NiTi para aplicaciones biom茅dicas. Caracterizaci贸n superficial y respuesta biol贸gica in vitro

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    Desde que fueron descubiertas en el principio de los a帽os sesenta, las aleaciones con memoria de forma de NiTi han suscitado un inter茅s creciente. Hoy en d铆a, estos materiales se emplean extensivamente en el campo biom茅dico. No obstante, su utilizaci贸n exige tomar precauciones especiales, por los problemas de alergia y/o toxicidad que pueden ser provocados por la liberaci贸n de los iones Ni que contiene este material. Por este motivo, se han desarrollado una gran cantidad de tratamientos superficiales, con el fin de disminuir la concentraci贸n superficial de Ni y, consecuentemente, minimizar su liberaci贸n al medio exterior. Sin embargo, no existe todav铆a ning煤n tratamiento de superficie est谩ndar que sea satisfactorio para a la vez reducir la cantidad superficial de Ni, mejorar la resistencia a la corrosi贸n del material, y reducir su citotoxicidad y/o trombogenecidad.El objetivo de esta tesis doctoral es la obtenci贸n y la caracterizaci贸n de un nuevo tratamiento de superficie de las aleaciones de NiTi para aplicaciones biom茅dicas. Se estudiaron tambi茅n las correlaciones entre las caracter铆sticas f铆sico-qu铆micas y topogr谩ficas de las superficies de NiTi estudiadas y la respuesta proteica y celular in vitro. Se optimiz贸 un nuevo tratamiento de oxidaci贸n t茅rmica (OT) que forma un 贸xido de titanio, TiO2 en la superficie de las aleaciones de NiTi, casi libre de Ni. Este tratamiento no altera de manera sensible las propiedades de memoria de forma de estos materiales. El tratamiento OT incrementa la rugosidad de las superficies de NiTi y homogeniza las diferencias topogr谩ficas que existen entre las distintas aleaciones sin tratamiento. Adem谩s, las superficies tratadas con OT tienen caracter铆sticas energ茅ticas y electrost谩ticas superficiales de mayor similitud con las del Ti puro, en comparaci贸n con las superficies sin tratamiento. Por otra parte, el 贸xido formado con OT permite (i) reducir de manera significativa la liberaci贸n de los iones Ni al medio, (ii) reducir la incorporaci贸n de iones Ni en las c茅lulas osteobl谩sticas cultivadas en contacto con el material NiTi, y (iii) mejorar la resistencia a la corrosi贸n del NiTi. Asimismo, las aleaciones de fase austen铆tica y tratadas con OT no son sensibles, en cuanto a su resistencia a la corrosi贸n, a los da帽os superficiales que se pueden producir en el 贸xido. Sin embargo, en el caso de las aleaciones de fase martens铆tica tratadas con OT, la resistencia a la corrosi贸n disminuye cuando se raya el 贸xido. En cuanto a la adsorci贸n proteica, el tratamiento OT incrementa, tanto la adsorci贸n de alb煤mina como de fibronectina, comparado con las superficies sin tratamiento. Se observa, adem谩s, que mientras que la alb煤mina se adsorbe de forma proporcional a la componente polar de la energ铆a superficial del NiTi, la adsorci贸n de fibronectina est谩 gobernada por otras propiedades superficiales adicionales.Por 煤ltimo, los resultados de los cultivos celulares in vitro demuestran que las aleaciones de NiTi, sin tratamiento y tratadas con OT, no son citot贸xicas. Los osteoblastos cultivados sobre las superficies OT presentan, adem谩s, un grado de diferenciaci贸n mayor, en las condiciones del estudio, comparado con las superficies sin tratamiento. En conclusi贸n, se propone el nuevo tratamiento de oxidaci贸n obtenido como candidato para garantizar el buen comportamiento del NiTi en las aplicaciones biom茅dicas. La capa de 贸xido formada minimiza los riesgos de alergias y toxicidad provocados por los iones Ni. Adem谩s, las superficies tratadas con este nuevo tratamiento de oxidaci贸n pueden mejorar la respuesta biol贸gica del material a largo plazo, puesto que tienen propiedades f铆sico-qu铆micas similares a las del Ti puro.Since their discovery, at the beginning of the 1960's, the interest for NiTi Shape Memory Alloys has constantly increased. Nowadays, these materials are extensively used in the biomedical field. However, special care must be taken because of the problems of allergy and toxicity that can be associated with the release of Ni ions contained in these materials. A great variety of surface treatments was developed to decrease Ni surface concentration, and consequently, minimize its release to the exterior medium. However, there is no satisfactory standard surface treatment that improves corrosion resistance and reduces cytotoxicity and/or thrombogenicity of NiTi material. The aim of this PhD thesis is to obtain and to characterise a new oxidation treatment of NiTi alloys for biomedical applications. Correlations between physicochemical and topographical properties of NiTi surfaces and, protein and in vitro cell response have also been studied. A new oxidation treatment (OT) has been optimized to form a titanium oxide (TiO2), almost Nifree, on NiTi alloys surfaces. This treatment does not significantly alter the shape memory properties of these materials. The OT treatment increases the roughness of NiTi surfaces and homogenizes the topographical differences that were present on the untreated surfaces studied. Moreover, the surfaces treated with OT have surface energy and electrostatic characteristics more similar to pure Ti than untreated surfaces.Additionally, the oxide formed by OT allows to(i) significantly decrease Ni ions release to the exterior medium, (ii) decrease Ni ions incorporation into osteoblastic cells cultured on NiTi surfaces, and (iii) improve the corrosion resistance of NiTi. Austenitic alloys treated with OT are not sensitive, regarding to corrosion resistance, to scratches produced on their surface oxide. In the case of martensitic alloys, corrosion resistance decreases when their oxide are scratched. Regarding protein adsorption, the OT treatment also increases albumin adsorption, as well as fibronectin one, compared to untreated surfaces. While albumin adsorption is proportional to the polar component of surface energy of NiTi, fibronectin adsorption is governed by other additional surface properties.Finally, the in vitro cell culture results show that NiTi alloys, untreated and treated with OT, are not cytotoxic. Moreover, the osteoblasts cultured on OT surfaces show a better differentiation, in the study conditions, than untreated surfaces. As a conclusion, the new oxidation treatment obtained is proposed as a good candidate to guaranty an adequate behaviour of NiTi materials for biomedical applications. The oxide layer formed minimizes the risks of allergy and toxicity caused by Ni ions. Moreover, because of their similar surface physicochemical properties to pure Ti, the surfaces treated with this new oxidation treatment can improve the long-term biological response of NiTi alloys

    Oxidaci贸n superficial de aleaciones de NiTi para la mejora de la biocompatibilidad

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    Se han estudiado diferentes tratamientos superficiales con el fin de obtener una capa de TiO2 con una m铆nima concentraci贸n de Ni en la superficie de aleaciones de NiTi 50/50 con memoria de forma: pulido espejo, autoclave, electropulido, oxidaci贸n en un ba帽o de agua hirviendo y oxidaci贸n t茅rmica en atm贸sfera controlada de aire. Se analizaron las superficies de las muestras mediante XPS. El tratamiento de oxidaci贸n t茅rmica es el que da el ratio Ti/Ni m谩s alto, la menor cantidad de Ni en superficie y tambi茅n el mayor espesor de 贸xido. Se comprob贸 mediante un experimento de liberaci贸n de iones que el 贸xido formado por este proceso de oxidaci贸n hace disminuir la liberaci贸n de iones Ni al medio fisiol贸gico respecto a la superficie no tratada. Se hicieron estudios de cultivos celulares de osteoblastos de l铆nea MG63 sobre superficies no tratadas y tratadas t茅rmicamente de NiTi. Los resultados de proliferaci贸n muestran que, para los d铆as 3, 6 y 9 no existen diferencias estad铆sticamente significativas entre los materiales. Sin embargo, despu茅s de 48h de estimulaci贸n para la diferenciaci贸n, las c茅lulas cultivadas sobre las superficies tratadas t茅rmicamente demuestran una mayor actividad de la fosfatasa alcalina y mayores niveles de osteocalcina.Various surface treatments have been studied in order to find the most appropriate in forming a TiO2 with a low Ni content on the surface of equiatomic NiTi alloys. Sample surfaces have been analyzed by XPS. Thermal oxidation treatment in an air-controlled atmosphere leads to the highest Ti/Ni ratio, to the lowest Ni surface concentration and to the thickest oxide layer. It has been shown by the results of ion release experiment that the oxide formed by this oxidation process allows to decrease Ni release into exterior medium comparing with non-treated surfaces. Cell cultures of MG63 osteoblast-like cells have been carried out. The proliferation study shows that from day 3 to day 9 there is no statistically significant differences between negative control, non-treated and thermally oxidized surfaces. After 48h of stimulation for differentiation, MG63 cells on thermally oxidized surfaces show higher phosphatase alkaline activity and osteocalcin level

    Reduction of Ni release and improvement of the friction behaviour of NiTi orthodontic archwires by oxidation treatments

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    This work studies NiTi orthodontic archwires that have been treated using a new oxidation treatment for obtaining Ni-free surfaces. The titanium oxide on the surface significantly improves corrosion resistance and decreases nickel ion release, while barely affecting transformation temperatures. This oxidation treatment avoids the allergic reactions or toxicity in the surrounding tissues produced by the chemical degradation of the NiTi. In the other hand, the lack of low friction coefficient for the NiTi superelastic archwires makes difficult the optimal use of these materials in Orthodontic applications. In this study, the decrease of this friction coefficient has been achieved by means of oxidation treatment. Transformation temperatures, friction coefficient and ion release have been determined.Postprint (published version

    Oxidaci贸n superficial de aleaciones de NiTi para la mejora de la biocompatibilidad

    Full text link
    Se han estudiado diferentes tratamientos superficiales con el fin de obtener una capa de TiO2 con una m铆nima concentraci贸n de Ni en la superficie de aleaciones de NiTi 50/50 con memoria de forma: pulido espejo, autoclave, electropulido, oxidaci贸n en un ba帽o de agua hirviendo y oxidaci贸n t茅rmica en atm贸sfera controlada de aire. Se analizaron las superficies de las muestras mediante XPS. El tratamiento de oxidaci贸n t茅rmica es el que da el ratio Ti/Ni m谩s alto, la menor cantidad de Ni en superficie y tambi茅n el mayor espesor de 贸xido. Se comprob贸 mediante un experimento de liberaci贸n de iones que el 贸xido formado por este proceso de oxidaci贸n hace disminuir la liberaci贸n de iones Ni al medio fisiol贸gico respecto a la superficie no tratada. Se hicieron estudios de cultivos celulares de osteoblastos de l铆nea MG63 sobre superficies no tratadas y tratadas t茅rmicamente de NiTi. Los resultados de proliferaci贸n muestran que, para los d铆as 3, 6 y 9 no existen diferencias estad铆sticamente significativas entre los materiales. Sin embargo, despu茅s de 48h de estimulaci贸n para la diferenciaci贸n, las c茅lulas cultivadas sobre las superficies tratadas t茅rmicamente demuestran una mayor actividad de la fosfatasa alcalina y mayores niveles de osteocalcina.Various surface treatments have been studied in order to find the most appropriate in forming a TiO2 with a low Ni content on the surface of equiatomic NiTi alloys. Sample surfaces have been analyzed by XPS. Thermal oxidation treatment in an air-controlled atmosphere leads to the highest Ti/Ni ratio, to the lowest Ni surface concentration and to the thickest oxide layer. It has been shown by the results of ion release experiment that the oxide formed by this oxidation process allows to decrease Ni release into exterior medium comparing with non-treated surfaces. Cell cultures of MG63 osteoblast-like cells have been carried out. The proliferation study shows that from day 3 to day 9 there is no statistically significant differences between negative control, non-treated and thermally oxidized surfaces. After 48h of stimulation for differentiation, MG63 cells on thermally oxidized surfaces show higher phosphatase alkaline activity and osteocalcin level

    Reduction of Ni release and improvement of the friction behavior of NiTi orthodontic archwires by oxidation treatments

    Full text link
    This work studies NiTi orthodontic archwires that have been treated using a new oxidation treatment for obtaining Ni-free surfaces. The titanium oxide on the surface significantly improves corrosion resistance and decreases nickel ion release, while barely affecting transformation temperatures. This oxidation treatment avoids the allergic reactions or toxicity in the surrounding tissues produced by the chemical degradation of the NiTi. In the other hand, the lack of low friction coefficient for the NiTi superelastic archwires makes difficult the optimal use of these materials in Orthodontic applications. In this study, the decrease of this friction coefficient has been achieved by means of oxidation treatment. Transformation temperatures, frictionPeer Reviewe
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