PEMBERATAN SANKSI PIDANA DAN PIDANA TAMBAHAN BAGI PELAKU KEKERASAN SEKSUAL TERHADAP ANAK TIRI

Abstract—Domestic violence is all forms of threats, harassment and violence between two people who are bound my a marriage relationship or other family members, for example children. Children are the younger generation as a national asset that continues the ideals of the nation’s struggle. Sexual violence is any activity that is forcibly carried out by an adult or by a child against another child. This sexual violence occurred in Paringin where a stepfather sexually assaulted his own stepdaughter. In this case, based on the Paringin District Court Decision Number 48/Pid.B/2019/PN.Prn stated that the perpetrator was subject to Article 46 of the PKDRT Law and then AB was sentenced to imprisonment for 12 (twelve) years. This study is intented to analyze the weighting of criminal sanctions and additional punishment for perpetrators who commit sexual violence against stepchildren. The research method used is normative juridicial method, namely by conducting a literature study. The result of the research is that AB’s act of commiting sexual violence against his own stepdaughter has violated the provisions of Article 81 Paragraph (3) of the Child Protection Law. Keywords: sexual abuse, child protection, criminal sanctions, additional penalty, domestic violence   Abstrak—Kekerasan dalam rumah tangga adalah segala bentuk ancaman, pelecehan, dan kekerasan antara dua orang yang terikat dalam hubungan perkawinan atau anggota keluarga lainnya, misalnya anak. Anak merupakan generasi muda sebagai aset bangsa yang meneruskan cita-cita perjuangan bangsa. Kekerasan seksual adalah setiap kegiatan berupa kegiatan seksual yang dilakukan secara paksa oleh orang dewasa terhadap orang seorang anak atau oleh seorang anak terhadap anak lainnya. Kekerasan seksual ini terjadi di Paringin dimana seorang ayah tiri melakukan kekerasan seksual terhadap anak tirinya sendiri. Dalam hal ini, berdasarkan Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Paringin Nomor 48/Pid.B/2019/PN.Prn menyatakan bahwa pelaku dikenakan Pasal 46 UU PKDRT dan kemudian AB diijatuhi hukuman pidana penjara selama 12 (dua belas) tahun. Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk menganalisis pemberatan sanksi pidana dan pidana tambahan bagi pelaku yang melakukan kekerasan seksual terhadap anak tiri. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode yuridis normatif, yaitu dengan cara melakukan studi kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian adalah bahwa tindakan AB yang melakukan kekerasan seksual terhadap anak tiri telah melanggar ketentuan pasal 81 Ayat (3) UU Perlindungan Anak. Kata kunci: kekerasan seksual, perlindungan anak, sanksi pidana, pidana tambahan, kekerasan dalam rumah tangg

PEMBERATAN SANKSI PIDANA DAN PIDANA TAMBAHAN BAGI PELAKU KEKERASAN SEKSUAL TERHADAP ANAK TIRI

Abstract—Domestic violence is all forms of threats, harassment and violence between two people who are bound my a marriage relationship or other family members, for example children. Children are the younger generation as a national asset that continues the ideals of the nation’s struggle. Sexual violence is any activity that is forcibly carried out by an adult or by a child against another child. This sexual violence occurred in Paringin where a stepfather sexually assaulted his own stepdaughter. In this case, based on the Paringin District Court Decision Number 48/Pid.B/2019/PN.Prn stated that the perpetrator was subject to Article 46 of the PKDRT Law and then AB was sentenced to imprisonment for 12 (twelve) years. This study is intented to analyze the weighting of criminal sanctions and additional punishment for perpetrators who commit sexual violence against stepchildren. The research method used is normative juridicial method, namely by conducting a literature study. The result of the research is that AB’s act of commiting sexual violence against his own stepdaughter has violated the provisions of Article 81 Paragraph (3) of the Child Protection Law. Keywords: sexual abuse, child protection, criminal sanctions, additional penalty, domestic violence   Abstrak—Kekerasan dalam rumah tangga adalah segala bentuk ancaman, pelecehan, dan kekerasan antara dua orang yang terikat dalam hubungan perkawinan atau anggota keluarga lainnya, misalnya anak. Anak merupakan generasi muda sebagai aset bangsa yang meneruskan cita-cita perjuangan bangsa. Kekerasan seksual adalah setiap kegiatan berupa kegiatan seksual yang dilakukan secara paksa oleh orang dewasa terhadap orang seorang anak atau oleh seorang anak terhadap anak lainnya. Kekerasan seksual ini terjadi di Paringin dimana seorang ayah tiri melakukan kekerasan seksual terhadap anak tirinya sendiri. Dalam hal ini, berdasarkan Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Paringin Nomor 48/Pid.B/2019/PN.Prn menyatakan bahwa pelaku dikenakan Pasal 46 UU PKDRT dan kemudian AB diijatuhi hukuman pidana penjara selama 12 (dua belas) tahun. Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk menganalisis pemberatan sanksi pidana dan pidana tambahan bagi pelaku yang melakukan kekerasan seksual terhadap anak tiri. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode yuridis normatif, yaitu dengan cara melakukan studi kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian adalah bahwa tindakan AB yang melakukan kekerasan seksual terhadap anak tiri telah melanggar ketentuan pasal 81 Ayat (3) UU Perlindungan Anak. Kata kunci: kekerasan seksual, perlindungan anak, sanksi pidana, pidana tambahan, kekerasan dalam rumah tangg

PEMBERATAN SANKSI PIDANA DAN PIDANA TAMBAHAN BAGI PELAKU KEKERASAN SEKSUAL TERHADAP ANAK TIRI

Abstract—Domestic violence is all forms of threats, harassment and violence between two people who are bound my a marriage relationship or other family members, for example children. Children are the younger generation as a national asset that continues the ideals of the nation’s struggle. Sexual violence is any activity that is forcibly carried out by an adult or by a child against another child. This sexual violence occurred in Paringin where a stepfather sexually assaulted his own stepdaughter. In this case, based on the Paringin District Court Decision Number 48/Pid.B/2019/PN.Prn stated that the perpetrator was subject to Article 46 of the PKDRT Law and then AB was sentenced to imprisonment for 12 (twelve) years. This study is intented to analyze the weighting of criminal sanctions and additional punishment for perpetrators who commit sexual violence against stepchildren. The research method used is normative juridicial method, namely by conducting a literature study. The result of the research is that AB’s act of commiting sexual violence against his own stepdaughter has violated the provisions of Article 81 Paragraph (3) of the Child Protection Law. Keywords: sexual abuse, child protection, criminal sanctions, additional penalty, domestic violence   Abstrak—Kekerasan dalam rumah tangga adalah segala bentuk ancaman, pelecehan, dan kekerasan antara dua orang yang terikat dalam hubungan perkawinan atau anggota keluarga lainnya, misalnya anak. Anak merupakan generasi muda sebagai aset bangsa yang meneruskan cita-cita perjuangan bangsa. Kekerasan seksual adalah setiap kegiatan berupa kegiatan seksual yang dilakukan secara paksa oleh orang dewasa terhadap orang seorang anak atau oleh seorang anak terhadap anak lainnya. Kekerasan seksual ini terjadi di Paringin dimana seorang ayah tiri melakukan kekerasan seksual terhadap anak tirinya sendiri. Dalam hal ini, berdasarkan Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Paringin Nomor 48/Pid.B/2019/PN.Prn menyatakan bahwa pelaku dikenakan Pasal 46 UU PKDRT dan kemudian AB diijatuhi hukuman pidana penjara selama 12 (dua belas) tahun. Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk menganalisis pemberatan sanksi pidana dan pidana tambahan bagi pelaku yang melakukan kekerasan seksual terhadap anak tiri. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode yuridis normatif, yaitu dengan cara melakukan studi kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian adalah bahwa tindakan AB yang melakukan kekerasan seksual terhadap anak tiri telah melanggar ketentuan pasal 81 Ayat (3) UU Perlindungan Anak. Kata kunci: kekerasan seksual, perlindungan anak, sanksi pidana, pidana tambahan, kekerasan dalam rumah tangg

Cities on the path to 'smart': information technology provider interactions with urban governance through smart city projects in Dubuque, Iowa and Portland, Oregon

Information and communication technologies are increasingly being infused into city systems and services as part of a growing trend to make cities ‘smart’. Through the design and implementation of these efforts, large information technology (IT) providers are interacting with local government policy and planning processes via: (a) strategy—project objectives, priorities and approaches; (b) engagement—which actors are involved, the roles they play and the interactions between and among them; and (c) representation—how the local government portrays the project through narrative and brand. In the discussion below, I argue that as smart projects multiply, interactions around this proliferation will pave the way for IT providers to more broadly inform urban governance processes. For in effect, IT providers are not just selling smart technologies. Rather, they are propagating a set of assertions about the role, structure, function and relationships of local government. These assertions are informed by neoliberal and entrepreneurial principles, bound up with the concept of smart, and attractively wrapped within the smart city imaginary. This imaginary is largely created by IT providers, and cannot be pursued without them. Within my approach, I view smart initiatives not simply as technical but social and political strategies, for while these projects are about technological innovation, they are also about ‘innovations’ in the relationships, interactions and discourse that surround them. To capture both the discursive and material realities of these projects, my methods of examination included key informant interviews and case study analysis of two cities in the United States, Dubuque, Iowa and Portland, Oregon. I focus specifically on smart projects led by IBM, an influential actor in the smart city market, and use Dubuque as a primary case study with Portland for comparison. My work provides an in-depth view of the IT provider IBM alongside the rise of the corporate entrepreneurial smart city, and sheds light on what these initiatives might mean for municipal administrations and city residents in similar urban environments

Sensitivity Study of Knee Ligament Properties in a Computer Simulation of a Total Knee Arthroplasty

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a common, end-of-stage surgical treatment for osteoarthritis. It is widely believed that surgical technique has a large influence on patient function after TKA. Computer simulation of TKA is a valuable tool for establishing an objective connection between surgical technique and postoperative function. However, there is little consensus on how to accurately model ligaments surrounding the knee and a lack of understanding of how modeling choices influence simulated TKA kinematics. The purpose of this study was to systematically investigate the sensitivity of variations in ligament modeling parameters on simulated TKA kinematics. 850 simulations with the knee in full extension were run with the following modeling variations of the medial and lateral collateral ligaments (MCL and LCL): increasing and decreasing slack length by 2.5 and 5%, increasing and decreasing stiffness by 25, 50, and 75%, varying attachment sites of the ligaments by translating 1 cm in the two anatomical directions and crossing ligament fibers, and increasing the number of fibers from two to four. An applied force versus varus/valgus angle curve was calculated from the output of each simulation. The specimen-specific simulation of TKA motion showed clear differences in the varus/valgus behavior of the knee with varying ligament modeling choices. These results suggest that ligament slack length has the greatest impact on varus/valgus laxity. Increasing the number fibers of the MCL affected the varus/valgus laxity and indicated sensitivity to the anterior/posterior location of the additional fibers. Understanding the sensitivity of ligament modeling choices informs the creation of computer simulations of TKA motions that can provide reliable insight of how surgical technique influences knee function after TKA.A two-year embargo was granted for this item.Academic Major: Mechanical Engineerin

“I Don’t Think It’s on Anyone’s Radar”: The Workforce and System Barriers to Healthcare for Indigenous Women Following a Traumatic Brain Injury Acquired through Violence in Remote Australia

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women experience high rates of traumatic brain injury (TBI) as a result of violence. While healthcare access is critical for women who have experienced a TBI as it can support pre-screening, comprehensive diagnostic assessment, and referral pathways, little is known about the barriers for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women in remote areas to access healthcare. To address this gap, this study focuses on the workforce barriers in one remote region in Australia. Semi-structured interviews and focus groups were conducted with 38 professionals from various sectors including health, crisis accommodation and support, disability, family violence, and legal services. Interviews and focus groups were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim and were analysed using thematic analysis. The results highlighted various workforce barriers that affected pre-screening and diagnostic assessment including limited access to specialist neuropsychology services and stable remote primary healthcare professionals with remote expertise. There were also low levels of TBI training and knowledge among community-based professionals. The addition of pre-screening questions together with professional training on TBI may improve how remote service systems respond to women with potential TBI. Further research to understand the perspectives of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women living with TBI is needed

Assessment of the disinfection capacity and eco-toxicological impact of atmospheric cold plasma for treatment of food industry effluents

Generation of wastewater is one of the main environmental sustainability issues across food sector industries. The constituents of food process effluents are often complex and require high energy and processing for regulatory compliance. Wastewater streams are the subject of microbiological and chemical criteria, and can have a significant eco-toxicological impact on the aquatic life. Thus, innovative treatment approaches are required to mitigate environmental impact in an energy efficient manner. Here, dielectric barrier discharge atmospheric cold plasma (ACP) was evaluated for control of key microbial indicators encountered in food industry effluent. This study also investigated the eco-toxicological impact of cold plasma treatment of the effluents using a range of aquatic bioassays. Continuous ACP treatment was applied to synthetic dairy and meat effluents. Microbial inactivation showed treatment time dependence with significant reduction in microbial populations within 120 s, and to undetectable levels after 300 s. Post treatment retention time emerged as critical control parameter which promoted ACP bacterial inactivation efficiency. Moreover, ACP treatment for 20 min achieved significant reduction (≥2 Log10) in Bacillus megaterium endospores in wastewater effluent. Acute aquatic toxicity was assessed using two fish cell lines (PLHC-1 and RTG-2) and a crustacean model (Daphnia magna). Untreated effluents were toxic to the aquatic models, however, plasma treatment limited the toxic effects. Differing sensitivities were observed to ACP treated effluents across the different test bio-assays in the following order: PLHC-1 \u3e RTG-2 ≥ D. magna; with greater sensitivity retained to plasma treated meat effluent than dairy effluent. The toxic effects were dependent on concentration and treatment time of the ACP treated effluent; with 30% cytotoxicity in D. magna and fish cells observed after 24 h of exposure to ACP treated effluent for concentrations up to 5%. The findings suggest the need to employ wider variety of aquatic organisms for better understanding and complete toxicity evaluation of long-term effects. The study demonstrates the potential to tailor ACP system parameters to control pertinent microbial targets (mono/poly-microbial, vegetative or spore form) found in complex and nutritious wastewater effluents whilst maintaining a safe eco-toxicity profile for aquatic species

Pemberatan Sanksi Pidana Dan Pidana Tambahan Bagi Pelaku Kekerasan Seksual Terhadap Anak Tiri

Domestic violence is all forms of threats, harassment and violence between two people who are bound my a marriage relationship or other family members, for example children. Children are the younger generation as a national asset that continues the ideals of the nation’s struggle. Sexual violence is any activity that is forcibly carried out by an adult or by a child against another child. This sexual violence occurred in Paringin where a stepfather sexually assaulted his own stepdaughter. In this case, based on the Paringin District Court Decision Number 48/Pid.B/2019/PN.Prn stated that the perpetrator was subject to Article 46 of the PKDRT Law and then AB was sentenced to imprisonment for 12 (twelve) years. This study is intented to analyze the weighting of criminal sanctions and additional punishment for perpetrators who commit sexual violence against stepchildren. The research method used is normative juridicial method, namely by conducting a literature study. The result of the research is that AB’s act of commiting sexual violence against his own stepdaughter has violated the provisions of Article 81 Paragraph (3) of the Child Protection Law

A framework for the resilience of seagrass ecosystems

Seagrass ecosystems represent a global marine resource that is declining across its range. To halt degradation and promote recovery over large scales, management requires a radical change in emphasis and application that seeks to enhance seagrass ecosystem resilience. In this review we examine how the resilience of seagrass ecosystems is becoming compromised by a range of local to global stressors, resulting in ecological regime shifts that undermine the long-term viability of these productive ecosystems. To examine regime shifts and the management actions that can influence this phenomenon we present a conceptual model of resilience in seagrass ecosystems. The model is founded on a series of features and modifiers that act as interacting influences upon seagrass ecosystem resilience. Improved understanding and appreciation of the factors and modifiers that govern resilience in seagrass ecosystems can be utilised to support much needed evidence based management of a vital natural resource

Indigenous Voice Closing the Gap and Putting Communication for Social Change into Practice

Australian journalism schools are full of students who have never met an Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander and who do not know their history. Journalism educators are illequipped to redress this imbalance as the large majority are themselves non-Indigenous and many have had little or no experience with the coverage of Indigenous issues. Such a situation calls for educational approaches that can overcome these disadvantages and empower journalism graduates to move beyond the stereotypes that characterise the representation of Indigenous people in the mainstream media. This paper will explore three different courses in three Australian Tertiary Journalism Education Institutions who use Work Integrated Learning approaches to instil the cultural competencies necessary to encourage a more informed reporting of Indigenous issues. The findings from the three projects illustrate the importance of adopting a collaborative approach between the industry, the Indigenous community and educators to ensure a significant impact on the students’ commitment to quality journalism practices when covering Indigenous issues