La sexualité des adolescents: quelle évolution ces 40 dernières années?

Le contexte : Pour comprendre la manière dont a évolué la sexualité des adolescents ces dernières décennies, il importe de tenir compte de plusieurs changements sociaux qui ont considérablement modifié le contexte dans lequel les jeunes se développent du point de vue affectif et sexuel. La famille telle qu’Ariès en a décrit l’avènement au cours du XVIIIème et XIXème siècle cède de plus en plus le pas à une famille nucléarisée voire recomposée(1). Le cadre relativement strict qui prévalait jusque dans les années 60-70 a été remplacé par des modèles éducatifs plus souples et parfois laxistes. L’un des événements majeurs de ces 50 dernières années est sans conteste la «révolution» de mai 68, qui a probablement largement contribué à la libéralisation des comportements sexuels, tant chez les jeunes que chez les adultes. L’éclatement des valeurs véhiculées auprès des jeunes, leur diversité placent ces derniers devant des choix qu’ils n’avaient pas à faire autrefois. Dans un contexte social favorisant l’hédonisme et le plaisir, les jeunes doivent développer leurs propres croyances, attitudes et standards face à leur sexualité

Offer and use of complementary and alternative medicine in hospitals of the French-speaking part of Switzerland.

BACKGROUND: In 2004, complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) was offered by physicians in one-third of Swiss hospitals. Since then, CAM health policy has changed considerably. This study aimed to describe the present supply and use of CAM in hospitals in the French-speaking part of Switzerland, and to explore qualitatively the characteristics of this offer. METHODS: Between June 2011 and March 2012, a short questionnaire was sent to the medical directors of hospitals (n = 46), asking them whether CAM was offered, where and by whom. Then, a semi-directive interview was conducted with ten CAM therapists. RESULTS: Among 37 responses (return rate 80%), 19 medical directors indicated that their hospital offered at least one CAM and 18 reported that they did not. Acupuncture was the most frequently available CAM, followed by manual therapies, osteopathy and aromatherapy. The disciplines that offered CAM most frequently were rehabilitation, gynaecology and obstetrics, palliative care, psychiatry, and anaesthetics. In eight out of ten interviews, it appeared that the procedures for introducing a CAM in the hospital were not tightly supervised by the hospital and were mainly based on the goodwill of the therapists, rather than clinical/scientific evidence. CONCLUSION: The number of hospitals offering CAM in the French-speaking part of Switzerland seemed to have risen since 2004. The selection of a CAM to be offered in a hospital should be based on the same procedure of evaluation and validation as conventional therapy, and if the safety and efficiency of the CAM is evidence-based, it should receive the same resources as a conventional therapy

Sexualité des adolescents et sida: processus et négociations autour des relations sexuelles et du choix de la contraception

Cette étude a permis d'explorer, auprès d'adolescents de 16 à 20 ans, l'entrée dans la vie sexuelle et l'utilisation de contraception et de protection vis à vis des maladies sexuellement transmissibles en abordant les perceptions, les attitudes et les croyances qui y sont liées et en étudiant les interactions et les négociations entre les partenaires. Les résultats confirment un certain nombre d'informations déjà disponibles en Suisse et issues d'autres enquêtes auprès des adolescents. Mais ils apportent aussi des indications quelquefois inattendues sur des sujets non encore explorés par la recherche auprès des adolescents. [...] Par rapport à la plupart des enquêtes sur la sexualité des adolescents et la prévention du sida, elle s'attache à considérer les comportements sexuels dans une perspective biographique, à les situer dans leur contexte et à mettre en évidence les aspects relationnels des décisions prises en couple au cours des différentes relations. L'originalité de cette enquête tient d'une part au contenu du questionnaire qui apporte des informations non disponibles en Suisse jusqu'ici et d'autre part aux méthodes utilisées. [P. 5]]]> HIV Infections/prevention &amp; control ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/prevention &amp; control; Sex Education ; Sexual Behavior ; Attitude to Health ; Adolescent ; Child ; Program Evaluation ; Condoms/utilization ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Questionnaires ; Switzerland fre https://serval.unil.ch/resource/serval:BIB_1691.P001/REF.pdf http://nbn-resolving.org/urn/resolver.pl?urn=urn:nbn:ch:serval-BIB_16916 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/urn/urn:nbn:ch:serval-BIB_16916 info:eu-repo/semantics/submittedVersion info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Copying allowed only for non-profit organizations https://serval.unil.ch/disclaimer application/pdf oai:serval.unil.ch:BIB_16918 2022-05-07T01:11:13Z <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd"> https://serval.unil.ch/notice/serval:BIB_16918 Chemitry and Pharmacology of Asian Plants and Validation of Phytopharmaceuticals, Proceedings of the IOCD - International Symposium Chulabhorn, M Hostettmann, K info:eu-repo/semantics/book book 2000 oai:serval.unil.ch:BIB_16919 2022-05-07T01:11:13Z <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd"> https://serval.unil.ch/notice/serval:BIB_16919 The Fugu rubripes tyrosinase gene promoter targets transgene expression to pigment cells in the mouse. Camacho-Hübner, A Rossier, A Beermann, F info:eu-repo/semantics/article article 2000 Genesis, vol. 28, pp. 99-105 oai:serval.unil.ch:BIB_1691E41DA533 2022-05-07T01:11:13Z ehelvetica openaire documents phdthesis urnserval <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd"> https://serval.unil.ch/notice/serval:BIB_1691E41DA533 Methylation of GpG Island promoters in uveal melanoma Moulin, A.-P. Université de Lausanne, Faculté de biologie et médecine info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis phdthesis 2008 <![CDATA[ABSTRACT : Background: Inactivation of tumour-related genes by promoter hypermethylation is a common epigenetic event in the development of a variety of tumours. Aim: To investigate in primary uveal melanoma the status of promoter methylation of genes thought to be involved in tumour development: p16, TIMP3, RASSF1, RARB, FHIT, hTERT and APC. Methods: Gene promoter methylation was studied by methylation-sensitive single-strand conformation analysis and dot-blot assay in a series of 23 primary uveal melanomas. All DNA samples were obtained from paraffin-embedded formalin-fixed tissue blocks. Results: hTERT promoter methylation was found with a relatively high frequency (52%). Promoter methylation of p16, TIMP3, RASSF1, RARB, FHIT and APC was a rare event. For none of these genes did promoter methylation exceed 15% of tumour samples, and, for some genes (FHIT and APC), no methylation was found at all. Furthermore, promoter methylation was absent in 39% (9/ 23) of cases. In only 22% (5/23) of cases was hypermethylation of at least two promoters observed. Conclusions: Promoter methylation of hTERT is a regular event in uveal melanoma. Hypermethylation of the other genes studied does not seem to be an essential element in the development of this tumour. As promoter methylation of APC, RASSF1 and RARB is often observed in cutaneous melanoma, these results suggest that different epigenetic events occur in the development of cutaneous and uveal melanoma. RAPPORT DE SYNTHESE : L'inactivation de gènes par une hyperméthylation de leur promoteur apparaît être un événement épigénétique fréquent, se retrouvant dans de nombreuses tumeurs. Dans cette étude, nous avons investigué dans des mélanomes primaires de l'uvée l'état de méthylation du promoteur de gènes fréquemment impliqués dans le développent tumoral tels que p16, TIMP3, RASSFI, RARB, FHIT, hTERT et APC. La méthylation des promoteurs de gènes a été étudiée par methylationsensitive single-strand conformation analysis (MS-SSCA) et dot blot assay (MS-DBA) dans une série de 23 mélanomes primaires de l'uvée. Tous les échantillons tissulaires provenaient de matériel fixé dans le formol et conservé dans des blocs de parraffine. Nous avons identifié une fréquence relativement élevée (52%) pour la méthylation du promoteur de hTERT. En ce qui concerne le reste des gènes étudiés, nous avons retrouvé des fréquences de méthylation de promoteurs relativement basses avec 13% pour RASSF1, 13% pour RARB 13%, 9% pour TIMP3 et 4% pour p16. Nous n'avons pas retrouvé d'hyperméthylation des promoteurs des gènes APC et FRIT. La méthylation de hTERT apparaît être un événement important dans la biologie du mélanome de l'uvée. L'hyperméthylation des autres gènes évalués ne semble pas être cruciale dans le développent de cette tumeur. Comme la méthylation des promoteurs des gènes APC, RASSF1 et RARB a été fréquemment observée dans le mélanome de la peau, notre étude tend à démontrer que des mécanismes épigénétiques différents surviennent dans le développement respectif de ces tumeurs

Frequency and effects of meeting health behaviour guidelines among adolescents.

Background: To assess the relationship between overweight status and the concomitant adherence to physical activity, daily screen time and nutritional guidelines. Methods: Data were derived from the Swiss Health Behaviour in School-aged Children Survey 2006. Participants (n = 8130, 48.7% girls) were divided into two groups: normal weight (n = 7215, 44.8% girls) and overweight (n = 915, 34.8% girls), using self-reported height and weight. Groups were compared on adherence to physical activity, screen time and nutritional guidelines. Bivariate analyses were carried out followed by multivariate analyses using normal-weight individuals as the reference category. Results: Regardless of gender, overweight individuals reported more screen time, less physical activity and less concomitant adherence to guidelines. For boys, the multivariate analysis showed that any amount exceeding screen time recommendations was associated with increased odds of being overweight [&gt;2-4 h: adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.40; &gt;4-6 h: AOR = 1.48; &gt;6 h: AOR = 1.83]. A similar relation was found for any amount below physical activity recommendations (4-6 times a week: AOR = 1.67; 2-3 times a week: AOR = 1.87; once a week or less: AOR = 2.1). For girls, not meeting nutritional guidelines was less likely among overweight individuals (0-2 recommendations: AOR = 0.54). Regardless of weight status, more than half of the adolescents did not comply with any guideline and &lt;2% met all three at the same time. Conclusions: Meeting current nutritional, physical activity and screen time guidelines should be encouraged with respect to overweight. However, as extremely low rates of concomitant adherence were found regardless of weight status, their achievability is questionable (especially for nutrition), which warrants further research to better adapt them to adolescents

Impact de la pandémie de Covid-19 sur la santé et le développement des jeunes en Suisse - Quel rôle pour les médecins ? [Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on adolescent health and development: a role to play for physicians]

This article summarizes the conclusion of a two-days interprofessional online workshop held under the auspices of the Brocher Foundation. The objectives were to review the impact of COVID on adolescent health and development and to generate some key responses to the situation. The pandemic has severely affected the mental health of a large proportion of adolescents and has significantly reduced access to health care. It has as well disturbed the school education of vulnerable youngsters and decreased social contacts with adults and peers. In the future, authorities should better consider the rights of young people and request their opinion and participation in decision making. Physicians should systematically explore their young patients' opinions and queries regarding the COVID and address problematic situations such as family conflicts, misuse of internet or risky behaviour

Adolescent pregnancy: An important issue for paediatricians and primary care providers-A position paper from the European academy of paediatrics.

Adolescent pregnancy and childbearing, remain a widespread health-related problem with potential short and long-term consequences. Comprehensive social, economic, environmental, structural, and cultural factors heavily impact on adolescents' sexual and reproductive health and early pregnancy. Health professionals can play a pivotal role in the prevention of unplanned pregnancy. Improved access to family planning, sexuality education in schools, community-based interventions, and policies contribute greatly to reduce the risk of adolescent pregnancy and the adoption of respectful and responsible sexual behaviour. Additionally, health care professionals can support pregnant adolescents in making decisions under these circumstances and provide adequate health care. This review highlights actions that can guide healthcare professionals in empowering young adolescents to become more aware and capable of making informed decisions about their sexual life, health, and future

Swiss adolescents' and adults' perceptions of cannabis use: a qualitative study.

Few studies have attempted to investigate the nature of adolescents' and adults' conceptions and perceptions of cannabis use. Our objectives were to explore adolescent and adult perception of use and misuse of cannabis, and their opinions and beliefs about the current legal context and preventive strategies. We used focus group discussions with four categories of stakeholders: younger (12-15 year old) adolescents, older (16-19 year old) adolescents, parents of teenagers and professionals working with young people. In some areas (legal framework, role of the media, importance of early preventive interventions), we found consensual attitudes and beliefs across the four groups of participants. In all four groups, participants did not have any consensual vision of the risks of cannabis use or the definition of misuse. In the area of the prevention of cannabis use/misuse, while parents focused on the potential role of professionals and the media, thus minimizing their own educational and preventive role, professionals stressed the importance of parental control and education. Within the Swiss context, we conclude there exists an urgent need for information and clarification of the issues linked with cannabis use and misuse directed at parents and professionals

Self-reported health needs and use of primary health care services by adolescents enrolled in post-mandatory schools or vocational training programmes in Switzerland.

BACKGROUND: The second Swiss Multicenter Adolescent Survey on Health (SMASH02) was conducted among a representative sample (n = 7428) of students and apprentices aged 16 to 20 from the three language areas of Switzerland during the year 2002. This paper reports on health needs expressed by adolescents and their use of health care services over the 12 months preceding the survey. METHODS: Nineteen cantons representing 80% of the resident population agreed to participate. A complex iterative random cluster sample of 600 classes was drawn with classes as primary sampling unit. The participation rate was 97.7% for the classes and 99.8% for the youths in attendance. The self-administered questionnaire included 565 items. The median rate of item non-response was 1.8%. Ethical and legal requirements applying to surveys of adolescent populations were respected. RESULTS: Overall more than 90% of adolescents felt in good to excellent health. Suffering often or very often from different physical complaints or pain was also reported such as headache (boys: 15.9%, girls: 37.4%), stomach-ache (boys: 9.7%, girls: 30.0%), joint pain (boys: 24.7%, girls: 29.5%) or back pain (boys: 24.3%, girls: 34.7%). Many adolescents reported a need for help on psychosocial and lifestyle issues, such as stress (boys: 28.5%, girls: 47.7%) or depression (boys: 18.9%, girls: 34.4%). Although about 75% of adolescents reported having consulted a general practitioner and about one-third having seen another specialist, reported reasons for visits do not correspond to the expressed needs. Less than 10% of adolescents had visited a psychiatrist, a family planning centre or a social worker. CONCLUSIONS: The reported rates of health services utilisation by adolescents does not match the substantial reported needs for help in various areas. This may indicate that the corresponding problems are not adequately detected and/or addressed by professionals from the health and social sectors