Konflikt rosyjsko-ukraiński w świadomości społeczności pochodzenia polskiego obwodu tarnopolskiego

The Russia – Ukraine conflict – awareness of people of Polish descent living in Tarnopol region The aim of  this article is to show the Influence of the revolution - Euromaidan and Russian-Ukrainian conflict started from 2013 on the consciousness and identity of people of Polish descent  living in Ternopil Region of western Ukraine. The society of the Ternopil circuit  developed new strategies of social life, adapt to the situation of conflict of defining ourselves as citizens of Ukraine - Country at War. The article contains a brief outline of the events associated with Euromaidan, annexation of the Crimea and fighting separatists in the Donbass region. Based on interviews and observations, the autor shows the awareness  of Polish descert  of a Russian-Ukrainian conflict, describes the emotions associated with the war and its consequences for the respondents. The text is also about  important issue various performances of "foreign" in the narratives of the conflict: Russian, separatist, a resident of eastern Ukraine.   Konflikt rosyjsko-ukraiński w świadomości społeczności pochodzenia polskiego obwodu tarnopolskiego Celem artykułu jest ukazanie wpływu rewolucji – Euromajdanu i konfliktu rosyjsko-ukraińskiego rozpoczętego od 2013 roku na świadomość i opinie ludności pochodzenia polskiego zamieszkałej w zachodniej Ukrainie, na terenie obwodu tarnopolskiego. Tekst zawiera krótki zarys wydarzeń związanych z Euromajdanem, aneksją Krymu i walkami separatystów w rejonie Donbasu. Autorka bazując na rozmowach i obserwacji ukazuje świadomość ludności pochodzenia polskiego o charakterze konfliktu rosyjsko-ukraińskiego, emocje związane z wojną i jej wpływem na życie rozmówców. Tekst podejmuje także ważną kwestię różnych przedstawień „obcego” w narracjach o konflikcie: Rosjanina, separatysty, mieszkańca wschodniej Ukrainy

Genome-Wide Genomic and Functional Association Study for Workability and Calving Traits in Holstein Cattle

The goal of our study was to identify the SNPs, metabolic pathways (KEGG), and gene ontology (GO) terms significantly associated with calving and workability traits in dairy cattle. We analysed direct (DCE) and maternal (MCE) calving ease, direct (DSB) and maternal (MSB) stillbirth, milking speed (MSP), and temperament (TEM) based on a Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle population consisting of 35,203 individuals. The number of animals, depending on the trait, ranged from 22,301 bulls for TEM to 30,603 for DCE. We estimated the SNP effects (based on 46,216 polymorphisms from Illumina BovineSNP50 BeadChip Version 2) using a multi-SNP mixed model. The SNP positions were mapped to genes and the GO terms/KEGG pathways of the corresponding genes were assigned. The estimation of the GO term/KEGG pathway effects was based on a mixed model using the SNP effects as dependent variables. The number of significant SNPs comprised 59 for DCE, 25 for DSB and MSP, 17 for MCE and MSB, and 7 for TEM. Significant KEGG pathways were found for MSB (2), TEM (2), and MSP (1) and 11 GO terms were significant for MSP, 10 for DCE, 8 for DSB and TEM, 5 for MCE, and 3 for MSB. From the perspective of a better understanding of the genomic background of the phenotypes, traits with low heritabilities suggest that the focus should be moved from single genes to the metabolic pathways or gene ontologies significant for the phenotype