TenSense－A Family of Wireless Sensor Nodes Dedicated for Remote Unattended Structural Health Monitoring of Bolted Joints

豊橋技術科学大

Weakness of ultra-lightweight mutual authentication protocol for IoT devices using RFlD tags

Internet of Things (IoT) has stimulated great interest in many researchers owing to its capability to connect billions of physical devices to the internet via heterogeneous access network. Security is a paramount aspect of IoT that needs to be addressed urgently to keep sensitive data private. However, from previous research studies, a number of security flaws in terms of keeping data private can be identified. Tewari and Gupta proposed an ultra-lightweight mutual authentication pRotocol that utilizes bitwise operation to achieve security in IoT networks that use RFID tags. The pRotocol is improved by Wang et. al. to prevent a full key disclosure attack. However, this paper shows that both of the pRotocols are susceptible to full disclosure, man-in-the-middle, tracking, and de-synchronization attacks. A detailed security analysis is conducted and results are presented to prove their vulnerability. Based on the aforementioned analysis, the pRotocol is modified and improved using a three pass mutual authentication. GNY logic is used to formally verify the security of the pRotocol.</p

Security flaws and improvement of a cloud-based authentication protocol for RFID supply chain systems

Cloud-based radio frequency identification (RFID) is an emerging solution for supply chain systems to solve capacity limitation found in a traditional backend server. However, most of the solutions proposed in previous research works are not suitable to be implemented for resource constrained RFID tags. Therefore, a cloud-based mutual authentication (CMA) protocol was proposed by Lin et al. using a hash function and exclusive-OR and was claimed to achieve confidentiality, untraceability, mutual authentication, and forward secrecy. Furthermore, it was claimed that the protocol is resistant to tag/reader impersonation attacks, replay attacks, desynchronization attacks, and denial of service (DoS) attacks. However, this paper proves that the CMA protocol is vulnerable to two types of attack, namely desynchronization and DoS attacks. A detailed security analysis of the CMA protocol is shown in this paper to prove its security vulnerability. In addition, an enhanced CMA protocol is proposed in this paper that is secure against desynchronization and DoS attacks

Scalable Lightweight Protocol for Interoperable Public Blockchain-Based Supply Chain Ownership Management

Scalability prevents public blockchains from being widely adopted for Internet of Things (IoT) applications such as supply chain management. Several existing solutions focus on increasing the transaction count, but none of them address scalability challenges introduced by resource-constrained IoT device integration with these blockchains, especially for the purpose of supply chain ownership management. Thus, this paper solves the issue by proposing a scalable public blockchain-based protocol for the interoperable ownership transfer of tagged goods, suitable for use with resource-constrained IoT devices such as widely used Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags. The use of a public blockchain is crucial for the proposed solution as it is essential to enable transparent ownership data transfer, guarantee data integrity, and provide on-chain data required for the protocol. A decentralized web application developed using the Ethereum blockchain and an InterPlanetary File System is used to prove the validity of the proposed lightweight protocol. A detailed security analysis is conducted to verify that the proposed lightweight protocol is secure from key disclosure, replay, man-in-the-middle, de-synchronization, and tracking attacks. The proposed scalable protocol is proven to support secure data transfer among resource-constrained RFID tags while being cost-effective at the same time

A symmetrical cascaded compact-module multilevel inverter (CCM-MLI) with pulsewidth modulation

Cascaded H-bridge (CHB) multilevel inverters (MLIs) have been widely used for power electronics systems. While high-voltage blocking across power switches is not a constraint for low voltage applications, the research trend has been oriented to the design of more compact module topologies as an alternative for CHB. Despite the generation of more voltage levels with reduced switch count, the existing module topologies in recent literature take no account of the freewheeling current path during dead-time, thus, inducing multistep jumps in voltage levels and giving rise to undesirable voltage spikes. Addressing this concern, this paper proposes two symmetrical compact-module topologies for cascaded MLI, where freewheeling current path during dead-time is provided for smooth transition between voltage levels to prevent voltage spikes. The proposed 7-level and 13-level compact-modules demonstrated low number of conducting switches for all voltage levels. Comprehensive analysis and comparison with the latest module topologies are conducted. To validate the operation of the proposed compact-module topologies, simulation and experimental results are presented

Hybrid cascaded multilevel inverter (HCMLI) with improved symmetrical 4-level submodule

This letter proposes an improved symmetrical 4-level submodule as a basic cell for generating multiple dc voltage levels. A hybrid cascaded multilevel inverter (HCMLI) topology is formed by the combination of n submodules and a full-bridge. A comparative analysis against the recent multilevel inverters reveals that the proposed topology requires less number of switches and dc sources. In addition, the proposed submodule reduces the number of conducting switch and gate driver requirements compared to the widely used half-bridge submodule. To validate the operation of the proposed HCMLI topology, experimental results of a 9-level single-phase inverter controlled by selective harmonic elimination pulse-width-modulation is presented

Ultralightweight mutual authentication RFID protocol for blockchain enabled supply chains

Previous research studies mostly focused on enhancing the security of radio frequency identification (RFID) protocols for various RFID applications that rely on a centralized database. However, blockchain technology is quickly emerging as a novel distributed and decentralized alternative that provides higher data protection, reliability, immutability, transparency, and lower management costs compared with a conventional centralized database. These properties make it extremely suitable for integration in a supply chain management system. In order to successfully fuse RFID and blockchain technologies together, a secure method of communication is required between the RFID tagged goods and the blockchain nodes. Therefore, this paper proposes a robust ultra-lightweight mutual authentication RFID protocol that works together with a decentralized database to create a secure blockchain-enabled supply chain management system. Detailed security analysis is performed to prove that the proposed protocol is secure from key disclosure, replay, man-in-the-middle, de-synchronization, and tracking attacks. In addition to that, a formal analysis is conducted using Gong, Needham, and Yahalom logic and automated validation of internet security protocols and applications tool to verify the security of the proposed protocol. The protocol is proven to be efficient with respect to storage, computational, and communication costs. In addition to that, a further step is taken to ensure the robustness of the protocol by analyzing the probability of data collision written to the blockchain.</p