Together

Many struggles are now becoming visible. And many self-motivated people motivate me, in turn, to address problems. Unpaid activist work is a double burden. The work is exhausting and looking the imbalances one sees squarely in the eye is demanding. But unpaid activist work also has its own compensation. It helps me to escape powerlessness. Swallowing something down certainly avoids the immediate fury—but it leaves me helpless and alone, and I really just can’t with that.It’s necessary to connect many different struggles. Because then it’s suddenly about a better life for everyone. There’s always something to do. This is overwhelming. But there are also always people with whom one can do it together. And that empowers

Molecular identification of different trypanosome species and subspecies in tsetse flies of northern Nigeria

Background: Animal African Trypanosomiasis (AAT) is caused by several species of trypanosomes including Trypanosoma congolense, T. vivax, T. godfreyi, T. simiae and T. brucei. Two of the subspecies of T. brucei also cause Human African Trypanosomiasis. Although some of them can be mechanically transmitted by biting flies; these trypanosomes are all transmitted by tsetse flies which are the cyclical vectors of Trypanosoma congolense, T. godfreyi, T. simiae and T. brucei. We present here the first report assessing the prevalence of trypanosomes in tsetse flies in Nigeria using molecular tools. Methods: 488 tsetse flies of three species, Glossina palpalis palpalis, G. tachinoides and G. morsitans submorsitans were collected from Wuya, Niger State and Yankari National Park, Bauchi State in 2012. Trypanosomes were detected and identified using an ITS1 PCR assay on DNA purified from the ‘head plus proboscis’ (H + P) and abdomen (ABD) parts of each fly. Results: T. vivax and T. congolense Savannah were the major parasites detected. Trypanosomes prevalence was 7.1 % in G. p. palpalis, 11.9 % in G. tachinoides and 13.5 % in G. m. submorsitans. Prevalences of T. congolense Savannah ranged from 2.5 to 6.7 % and of T. vivax were approximately 4.5 %. Trypanosoma congolense Forest, T. godfreyi and T. simiae were also detected in the site of Yankari. The main biological and ecological determinants of trypanosome prevalence were the fly sex, with more trypanosomes found in females than males, and the site, with T. congolense subspp. being more abundant in Yankari than in Wuya. As expected, the trypanosome species diversity was higher in Yankari National Park than in the more agricultural site of Wuya where vertebrate host species diversity is lower. Conclusions: Our results show that T. congolense Savannah and T. vivax are the main species of parasite potentially causing AAT in the two study sites and that Yankari National Park is a potential reservoir of trypanosomes both in terms of parasite abundance and species diversity

Assessment of socio-techno-economic factors affecting the market adoption and evolution of 5G networks: Evidence from the 5G-PPP CHARISMA project

5G networks are rapidly becoming the means to accommodate the complex demands of vertical sectors. The European project CHARISMA is aiming to develop a hierarchical, distributed-intelligence 5G architecture, offering low latency, security, and open access as features intrinsic to its design. Finding its place in such a complex landscape consisting of heterogeneous technologies and devices, requires the designers of the CHARISMA and other similar 5G architectures, as well as other related market actors to take into account the multiple technical, economic and social aspects that will affect the deployment and the rate of adoption of 5G networks by the general public. In this paper, a roadmapping activity identifying the key technological and socio-economic issues is performed, so as to help ensure a smooth transition from the legacy to future 5G networks. Based on the fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, a survey of pairwise comparisons has been conducted within the CHARISMA project by 5G technology and deployment experts, with several critical aspects identified and prioritized. The conclusions drawn are expected to be a valuable tool for decision and policy makers as well as for stakeholders

GPS DEFORMATION MEASUREMENTS IN THE GEODYNAMIC TEST NETWORK SÓSKÚT

The Geodetic Institute of the University of Karlsruhe and the Department of Geodesy and Surveying of the Budapest University of Technology and Economics have been cooperating for 30 years in the field of deformation measurements and analysis. One of the common projects in this cooperation is related to the network of Sóskút which has been established to detect surface motions in the vicinity of a geological fracture. In the beginning terrestrial measurements have been carried out, while in recent years common GPS campaigns were organized in order to investigate the potential of the GPS technology in deformation measurements and analysis. The paper describes the development and the actual results of the joint project and points out the progress in methodology

Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks: A Classification System for Routing Protocols

In a Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET), all nodes are mobile, interconnected in varying patterns, and each node acts as a router, actively participating in route discovery and maintenance for communication with other nodes in the network, with the network topology constantly changing due to node mobility. Routing and broadcasting have been primary areas of research interest since the inception of commercial MANETs. Routing ensures the successful delivery of data packets from source to target nodes, while broadcasting is vital for addressing a range of network issues, including routing problems. This paper introduces a classification system for routing protocols that expands beyond the traditional categorisation of proactive, reactive, and hybrid methods. It identifies eight distinct groups to encompass a broader range of routing methodologies, ensuring the inclusion of significant approaches that may have been overlooked in the conventional classification. Further, the paper classifies power-aware routing protocols and highlights various broadcasting schemes, providing a comprehensive overview of both topics. Finally, the paper explores mobility models, categorising them and highlighting simulation platforms ns-2 and ns-3

Power-aware Intelligent Water Drops Routing Algorithm for Best Path Selection in MANETs

The absence of a central framework, the constantly fluctuating layout, the restricted resources, and the dispersed structure of Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs), among other characteristics, make routing a critical problem. A proficient, energy-aware routing path selection algorithm can improve network performance. In this paper, a routing mechanism for path selection called the Power-aware Intelligent Water Drops Routing Algorithm (PIWDRA) is proposed, which is based on a physics-water metaheuristic called Intelligent Water Drops (IWD). In the algorithm, the global best path is selected based on a cost function that takes into consideration minimum energy, hop count, and time delay. Minimum energy has the highest weight factor. The link cost, Heuristic Undesirability (HUD), local update of the soil of a link and the soil of a drop, as well as the update of the soil of the paths that generated the local best path, incorporate one or more factors, which include time delay, energy, and the number of hops. Results obtained after simulating in Network Simulator 3 (NS-3) under variations in pause times and number of active sources show that the PIWDRA outperforms the Intelligent Water Drops Routing Algorithm (IWDRA), the Intelligent Water Drops-Based Optimization Algorithm for Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (IWDHocNet), the Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol, and the Destination Sequence Distance Vector (DSDV) routing protocol. The performance metrics involved packet delivery ratio, average end-to-end delay, energy consumption, and network lifetime. In future work, the algorithm can be enhanced with congestion techniques such as cross-layer design, queue management, and rate control. Also, a hybrid metaheuristic routing algorithm can be the focus of future work

Direct and integrating sampling in terahertz receivers from wafer-scalable InAs nanowires

Terahertz (THz) radiation will play a pivotal role in wireless communications, sensing, spectroscopy and imaging technologies in the decades to come. THz emitters and receivers should thus be simplified in their design and miniaturized to become a commodity. In this work we demonstrate scalable photoconductive THz receivers based on horizontally-grown InAs nanowires (NWs) embedded in a bow-tie antenna that work at room temperature. The NWs provide a short photoconductivity lifetime while conserving high electron mobility. The large surface-to-volume ratio also ensures low dark current and thus low thermal noise, compared to narrow-bandgap bulk devices. By engineering the NW morphology, the NWs exhibit greatly different photoconductivity lifetimes, enabling the receivers to detect THz photons via both direct and integrating sampling modes. The broadband NW receivers are compatible with gating lasers across the entire range of telecom wavelengths (1.2–1.6 μm) and thus are ideal for inexpensive all-optical fibre-based THz time-domain spectroscopy and imaging systems. The devices are deterministically positioned by lithography and thus scalable to the wafer scale, opening the path for a new generation of commercial THz receivers

The Grizzly, February 9, 1998

Privacy Invaded at Centennial Conference College • Changing Homecoming • Mother Courage Takes the Stage • Wismer Center to Receive Renovations with New Bookstore • Letters to the Editor • Journalist Visits Ursinus • Greeks Help a Special Friend • Ursinus Faculty Remembers When... • Jazzing up the Curriculum • Ladies\u27 Night for UC Swimming • Women\u27s Basketball Holds Off Muhlenberg • Barrett Looks to Guide Bears to Playoffs • Bears Stumble but Remain in Playoff Hunt • Ursinus Gymnasts Consistent Through Tough Competition • Wrestlers Suffer Second Loss of Seasonhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1413/thumbnail.jp

Social factors affecting seasonal variation in bovine trypanosomiasis on the Jos Plateau, Nigeria

BACKGROUND: African Animal Trypanosomiasis (AAT) is a widespread disease of livestock in Nigeria and presents a major constraint to rural economic development. The Jos Plateau was considered free from tsetse flies and the trypanosomes they transmit due to its high altitude and this trypanosomiasis free status attracted large numbers of cattle-keeping pastoralists to the area. The Jos Plateau now plays a major role in the national cattle industry in Nigeria, accommodating approximately 7% of the national herd, supporting 300,000 pastoralists and over one million cattle. During the past two decades tsetse flies have invaded the Jos Plateau and animal trypanosomiasis has become a significant problem for livestock keepers. Here we investigate the epidemiology of trypanosomiasis as a re-emerging disease on the Plateau, examining the social factors that influence prevalence and seasonal variation of bovine trypanosomiasis. METHODS: In 2008 a longitudinal two-stage cluster survey was undertaken on the Jos Plateau. Cattle were sampled in the dry, early wet and late wet seasons. Parasite identification was undertaken using species-specific polymerase chain reactions to determine the prevalence and distribution of bovine trypanosomiasis. Participatory rural appraisal was also conducted to determine knowledge, attitudes and practices concerning animal husbandry and disease control. RESULTS: Significant seasonal variation between the dry season and late wet season was recorded across the Jos Plateau, consistent with expected variation in tsetse populations. However, marked seasonal variations were also observed at village level to create 3 distinct groups: Group 1 in which 50% of villages followed the general pattern of low prevalence in the dry season and high prevalence in the wet season; Group 2 in which 16.7% of villages showed no seasonal variation and Group 3 in which 33.3% of villages showed greater disease prevalence in the dry season than in the wet season. CONCLUSIONS: There was high seasonal variation at the village level determined by management as well as climatic factors. The growing influence of management factors on the epidemiology of trypanosomiasis highlights the impact of recent changes in land use and natural resource competition on animal husbandry decisions in the extensive pastoral production system