Provisions for old age. Income provisions and retirement

Research on the income situation of today’s and future retirees requires often record based data. Because of their accuracy in the life-course infomation they can also, if they are linked to survey data, make interviews shorter and less demanding for the interviewed persons. Process produced data from the pension fund are already available for these research topics. The data include details about the employment career and other life-course events as far as they are considered in the pensions’ calculation. Nevertheless, additional sources are needed if research projects address the income situation more in detail, in particular the question of poverty or high income in old age. The pension reforms of the past decade have strengthened the second and third pillar in the importance, thereby increasing their importance of occupational pensions and private savings for future old age income. There exist already some detailed and inclusive data for research on old age income and retirement collected for government reports, but not all this data is yet available for scientific research. Furthermore should the exchange of data between social securitiy and/or tax institutions more often be combined with the collection of statistical data in order to improve the possibility of record-to-record linkage.Retirement, old age provisions, public pension fund, process produced data, data linkage

Provisions for old age: income provisions and retirement

"Research on the income situation of today's and future retirees requires often record based data. Because of their accuracy in the life-course information they can also, if they are linked to survey data, make interviews shorter and less demanding for the interviewed persons. Process produced data from the pension fund are already available for these research topics. The data include details about the employment career and other life-course events as far as they are considered in the pensions' calculation. Nevertheless, additional sources are needed if research projects address the income situation more in detail, in particular the question of poverty or high income in old age. The pension reforms of the past decade have strengthened the second and third pillar in the importance, thereby increasing their importance of occupational pensions and private savings for future old age income. There exist already some detailed and inclusive data for research on old age income and retirement collected for government reports, but not all this data is yet available for scientific research. Furthermore should the exchange of data between social security and/or tax institutions more often be combined with the collection of statistical data in order to improve the possibility of record-to-record linkage." (author's abstract

Erwerbstätigkeit und Kindererziehung in den Lebensläufen von Frauen und der Einfluss auf das Alterseinkommen

"Die Veränderung der Rollenbilder von Mann und Frau (nicht generell der tatsächlichen Rollenmuster) und im Zusammenhang damit das Aufbrechen der traditionellen Arbeitsteilung haben auch in der sozialpolitischen Debatte zur Forderung der Stärkung der Erwerbstätigkeit von Frauen und Müttern geführt. Gleichfalls wird im Licht der gesellschaftlich gewandelten Sicht eine eigenständige, vom Partner unabhängige soziale Absicherung von Frauen gefordert. In diesem Kontext wird dann - neben der Forderung nach egalitären Partizipationsmöglichkeiten am Erwerbsleben - eine stärkere Anerkennung der Familienarbeit in den Systemen der sozialen Sicherung und besonders auch in der gesetzlichen Rentenversicherung eingefordert. Im Mittelpunkt des Beitrags steht der Zusammenhang zwischen Kindererziehung und Berufstätigkeit von Müttern im Vergleich zu kinderlosen Frauen mit den Daten der gesetzlichen Rentenversicherung. Ferner wird dargestellt, wie sich das unterschiedliche Erwerbsverhalten von Frauen auf das persönliche Renten- und Gesamtalterseinkommen auswirkt und wie dies die Einkommenssituation im Ehepaarkontext beeinflusst. Die Analysen basieren auf prozessproduzierten Längsschnittdaten der gesetzlichen Rentenversicherung." (Autorenreferat

Kommunale Sozialplanung als Fachaufgabe

Der Verfasser gibt einen Überblick über Rahmenbedingungen, Handlungsfelder und Instrumentarien einer umfassenden kommunalen Sozialplanung. Er behandelt zunächst die grundlegenden Ziele und Aufgabenstellungen, um dann die verschiedenen Adressaten und Akteure vorzustellen. Im Folgenden werden thematische Fachplanungsbereiche dargestellt und Instrumentarien der Planungsarbeit skizziert. Angesprochen werden die Bereiche Jugendhilfeplanung, Sozialhilfe und Armutsberichterstattung, Senioren- und Altenhilfeplanung, Behindertenplanung, Sozialraumanalyse, verwaltungsinterne Steuerung und Qualitätssicherung. Das Instrumentarium der Planungsarbeit umfasst Prozessdaten und Routinestatistiken, Bestands- und Netzwerkuntersuchungen, Sondererhebungen, quantitative und qualitative Studien sowie Evaluationsstudien. (ICE2

Zur Sterblichkeitsdifferenz von Männern im Ost-West-Vergleich

Die Untersuchung der Sterblichkeit der sozialversicherungspflichtigen Beschäftigten des Jahres 2004 deckt die Gründe für die Unterschiede der Lebenserwartung bei Männern im Ost-West-Vergleich auf. Es wird gezeigt, dass die bestehenden strukturellen Unterschiede des Arbeitsmarktes in Ost- und Westdeutschland die Lebenserwartungsdifferenz bei Männern im Alter bis 65 Jahre erklären können. Die multivariate Analyse von Individualdaten der 20 Millionen "Aktiv Versicherten" (Datensätze des Forschungsdatenzentrum der Rentenversicherung (FDZ-RV)) zeigt, dass die Berücksichtigung der Merkmale Beschäftigung, Arbeitslosigkeit, Selbstständigkeit, Versicherungsart und Staatsbürgerschaft geeignet sind, eine bis zu 30 % erhöhte Sterblichkeit der ostdeutschen Männer im Altersbereich von 35 bis 55 Jahre zu erklären. Die Differenzen sind ein Ergebnis der unterschiedlichen Arbeitsmarktlage und der damit verbundenen kumulativen Migration in den letzten 30 Jahren.Germany, Germany (Alte Bundesländer), Germany (Neue Bundesländer), life expectancy, male mortality, unemployment, working-age population

S-COL: A Copernican turn for the development of flexibly reusable collaboration scripts

Collaboration scripts are usually implemented as parts of a particular collaborative-learning platform. Therefore, scripts of demonstrated effectiveness are hardly used with learning platforms at other sites, and replication studies are rare. The approach of a platform-independent description language for scripts that allows for easy implementation of the same script on different platforms has not succeeded yet in making the transfer of scripts feasible. We present an alternative solution that treats the problem as a special case of providing support on top of diverse Web pages: In this case, the challenge is to trigger support based on the recognition of a Web page as belonging to a specific type of functionally equivalent pages such as the search query form or the results page of a search engine. The solution suggested has been implemented by means of a tool called S-COL (Scripting for Collaborative Online Learning) and allows for the sustainable development of scripts and scaffolds that can be used with a broad variety of content and platforms. The tool’s functions are described. In order to demonstrate the feasibility and ease of script reuse with S-COL, we describe the flexible re-implementation of a collaboration script for argumentation in S-COL and its adaptation to different learning platforms. To demonstrate that a collaboration script implemented in S-COL can actually foster learning, an empirical study about the effects of a specific script for collaborative online search on learning activities is presented. The further potentials and the limitations of the S-COL approach are discussed

Long-term surgical anaesthesia with isoflurane in human habituated Nile Crocodiles

A suitable long-term anaesthetic technique was required for implantation of physiological sensors and telemetric devices in sub-adult Nile crocodiles (Crocodylus niloticus) to allow the collection of physiological data. Five Nile crocodiles with a median body mass of 24 kg were used. After manual capture, they were blindfolded and 0.2 mL (1 mg/mL) medetomidine was administered intramuscularly in four of the animals which had an estimated body mass between 20 kg and 30 kg. One crocodile with an estimated body mass of 50 kg received 0.5 mL. For induction, 5 mL propofol (10 mg/mL) was injected intravenously into the occipital sinus. Additional doses were given when required to ensure adequate anaesthesia. Anaesthesia was maintained with 1.5% isoflurane. Ventilation was controlled. Local anaesthesia was administered for surgical incision and external placement of the radio transmitter. Medetomidine was antagonised with atipamezole at the end of surgery. Median heart rate during surgery was 22 beats/min, at extubation 32 beats per min and 30 beats per min the following day at the same body temperature as under anaesthesia. Median body temperature of the animals increased from 27.3 °C to 27.9 °C during anaesthesia, as room temperature increased from 24.5 °C to 29.0 °C during surgery. Anaesthesia was successfully induced with intramuscular medetomidine and intravenous propofol and was maintained with isoflurane for the placement of telemetric implants. Intraoperative analgesia was supplemented with lidocaine infiltration. Perioperative physiological parameters remained stable and within acceptable clinical limits. Multiple factors appear to influence these variables during the recovery period, including residual anaesthetic effects, environmental temperature and physical activity.http://www.jsava.co.za/am2017Companion Animal Clinical Studie