Cultivating Agile Organizational Culture: Addressing Resistance to Change in Bureaucratic Government Organizations

Resistance to change is a phenomenon that affects organizations almost universally. All organizations large and small are continuously challenged to adjust, evolve and innovate to gain or maintain competitive advantage and mission effectiveness. Alarmingly high failure rates are reported: 30-70% of change initiatives falling short of their prescribed intent or never attain the desired results. This research investigates how bureaucratic governmental organizations can address this truth, and how leadership can cultivate a flexible, agile culture that is more adaptable to the demands of constant change. This study uses case study methodology and qualitative research methods aid in the understanding of the nuances within the organizational culture of one such organization

Uplifting: Improvements in Boston Area Client Well-Being

LIFT-Boston, a local non-profit organization, entered into a collaborative partnership in September 2012 with McCormack Graduate School Public Policy Ph.D. students and faculty to develop and execute a research project. The goals of this endeavor were to assist LIFT-Boston in understanding the outcomes associated with its services and enable the organization to further pursue service goals. The primary research questions respond to the organization’s most fundamental questions. These include how the organization’s unique service model impacts clients across several objective and subjective dimensions of well-being. Secondary questions focus on how these impacts may translate into increases or decreases in student achievement within a family. To answer these lines of inquiry, the MPT employed a multi-method design, analyzing administrative, survey, observational, interview, spatial, and focus group data. Findings show that LIFT clients tend to be adults, aged 45 years or older and more than 50% of LIFT-Boston clients live alone. Nearly half of LIFT-Boston client are unemployed with nearly 67% receiving food stamp benefits. Besides employment, LIFT-Boston clients report problems with housing and housing expenses. Regression results show that LIFT-Boston may increase objective client well-being in housing and food stamp assistance, showing increase of 17.5% in food stamp receipt for LIFT-Boston clients and an 18.6% decrease in housing issues. Overall, findings suggest that LIFT-Boston offers a unique set of services to adult clients in the Boston area. Clients experience caring and respectful relationships when collaborating with LIFT advocates. While limited changes in objective well-being were observed, interviews suggest that clients’ self-confidence is greatly increased when small steps are made toward larger life goals. Limited evidence suggests adult well-being may translate to students, although much deeper analysis is needed. While a low survey response rate must be considered when interpreting findings, this report contributes to the scholarly knowledge based in areas including strength based case management, subjective/objective well-being measures, and student achievement. Steps for further scholarly research, as well as potential organizational changes for LIFT-Boston, are suggested

Practicum 2012 - 2013: LIFT Boston Client Well Being Study

A Boston based non-profit and a team of public policy PhD students engaged in several months of collaborative problem identification and goal setting focused on the effectiveness of the organization’s unique service delivery model. The nonprofit uses volunteer advocates and a goal-oriented process with no eligibility criteria to assist clients in distress. We collected administrative data, administered a survey, and conducted interviews to explore client well-being

Gemini Near Infrared Spectrograph -- Distant Quasar Survey: Augmented Spectroscopic Catalog and a Prescription for Correcting UV-Based Quasar Redshifts

Quasars at $z~{\gtrsim}~1$ most often have redshifts measured from rest-frame ultraviolet emission lines. One of the most common such lines, C IV ${\lambda}1549$, shows blueshifts up to ${\approx}~5000~\rm{km~s^{-1}}$, and in rare cases even higher. This blueshifting results in highly uncertain redshifts when compared to redshift determinations from rest-frame optical emission lines, e.g., from the narrow [O III] ${\lambda}5007$ feature. We present spectroscopic measurements for 260 sources at $1.55~{\lesssim}~z~{\lesssim}~3.50$ having $-28.0~{\lesssim}~M_i~{\lesssim}~-30.0$ mag from the Gemini Near Infrared Spectrograph - Distant Quasar Survey (GNIRS-DQS) catalog, augmenting the previous iteration which contained 226 of the 260 sources whose measurements are improved upon in this work. We obtain reliable systemic redshifts based on [O III] ${\lambda}5007$ for a subset of 121 sources which we use to calibrate prescriptions for correcting UV-based redshifts. These prescriptions are based on a regression analysis involving C IV full-width-at-half-maximum intensity and equivalent width, along with the UV continuum luminosity at a rest-frame wavelength of 1350 A. Applying these corrections can improve the accuracy and the precision in the C IV-based redshift by up to ${\sim}~850~\rm{km~s^{-1}}$ and ${\sim}~150~\rm{km~s^{-1}}$, respectively, which correspond to ${\sim}~8.5$ Mpc and ${\sim}~1.5$ Mpc in comoving distance at $z~=~2.5$. Our prescriptions also improve the accuracy of the best available multi-feature redshift determination algorithm by ${\sim}~100~\rm{km~s^{-1}}$, indicating that the spectroscopic properties of the C IV emission line can provide robust redshift estimates for high-redshift quasars. We discuss the prospects of our prescriptions for cosmological and quasar studies utilizing upcoming large spectroscopic surveys.Comment: 20 pages (AASTeX 6.3.1), 8 figures, accepted for publication in Ap

The role of interleukin-9 and the interleukin-9 receptor gene candidates in asthma

It is now generally well accepted that atopic asthma is a complex heritable disorder of the airways in which symptoms depend on environmental exposure [1]. This lung disorder is associated with clinical signs and symptoms of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), an exaggerated narrowing of the airways to provocative stimuli, and eosinophilic inflammation associated with reversible airway obstruction. Significant biologic variability in airway responsiveness occurs in humans, and baseline bronchial hyperresponsiveness is recognized as a heritable risk factor for asthma [2-5]. While significant biologic variability in airway responsiveness in rodents and humans has been observed, little is understood about the genetic regulation of AHR [5]. Moreover, it remains unclear whether or how AHR is associated with an underlying predisposition to eosinophilic airway inflammation. Recently, genetic linkage studies and functional genomics in humans and mice have implicated interleukin-9 (IL-9) and its receptor in the genetics of AHR and asthma [6-15]. In this chapter, we will review evidence supporting a central role for IL-9 as a regulator of AHR and a critical mediator of allergic asthma and mucosal Th2 immunity

Uplifting: Improvements in Boston Area Client Well-Being

LIFT-Boston, a local non-profit organization, entered into a collaborative partnership in September 2012 with McCormack Graduate School Public Policy Ph.D. students and faculty to develop and execute a research project. The goals of this endeavor were to assist LIFT-Boston in understanding the outcomes associated with its services and enable the organization to further pursue service goals. The primary research questions respond to the organization’s most fundamental questions. These include how the organization’s unique service model impacts clients across several objective and subjective dimensions of well-being. Secondary questions focus on how these impacts may translate into increases or decreases in student achievement within a family. To answer these lines of inquiry, the MPT employed a multi-method design, analyzing administrative, survey, observational, interview, spatial, and focus group data. Findings show that LIFT clients tend to be adults, aged 45 years or older and more than 50% of LIFT-Boston clients live alone. Nearly half of LIFT-Boston client are unemployed with nearly 67% receiving food stamp benefits. Besides employment, LIFT-Boston clients report problems with housing and housing expenses. Regression results show that LIFT-Boston may increase objective client well-being in housing and food stamp assistance, showing increase of 17.5% in food stamp receipt for LIFT-Boston clients and an 18.6% decrease in housing issues. Overall, findings suggest that LIFT-Boston offers a unique set of services to adult clients in the Boston area. Clients experience caring and respectful relationships when collaborating with LIFT advocates. While limited changes in objective well-being were observed, interviews suggest that clients’ self-confidence is greatly increased when small steps are made toward larger life goals. Limited evidence suggests adult well-being may translate to students, although much deeper analysis is needed. While a low survey response rate must be considered when interpreting findings, this report contributes to the scholarly knowledge based in areas including strength based case management, subjective/objective well-being measures, and student achievement. Steps for further scholarly research, as well as potential organizational changes for LIFT-Boston, are suggested

IL-9 pathway in asthma: New therapeutic targets for allergic inflammatory disorders

Background: Asthma is a complex heritable inflammatory disorder of the airways associated with clinical signs of allergic inflammation and bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR). The incidence of asthma continues to rise in industrialized countries despite advances in the identification of cellular and molecular mediators that are associated with the disease. Because of its importance in human health, additional research and alternative therapeutic strategies are justified to create more effective treatments for this debilitating disease. Objective: Studies use recombinant inbred mice to demonstrate that BHR in mouse models of asthma is associated with a genetic alteration at the IL-9 locus, where IL-9 expression in lung is strongly associated with bronchial responsiveness. We have investigated the ability of intratracheal instilled IL-9 to induce asthmatic-like responses in naive C57BL/6 (B6) mice, which express very low levels of IL-9. Methods: IL-9 or vehicle was intratracheal instilled in naive B6 mice for 10 days. Mice were analyzed for effects on BHR, lung eosinophilia, and serum total IgE levels. Results: Phenotypic effects of B6 mice instilled with IL-9 were increased eosinophils in the bronchoalveolar lavage and significantly elevated serum total IgE. Moreover, IL-9 was found to induce IL-5Rα in vivo and in vitro, suggesting a potential mechanism for the novel actions described for IL-9 on eosinophils. Conclusion: Increased levels of IL-9 in the airway of naive B6 mice induced lung eosinophilia and serum total IgE levels, which are 2 clinical features of asthma. These data support a central role for the IL-9 pathway in the complex pathogenesis of allergic inflammation. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;103:485-91.