29 research outputs found
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Glucose Oxidase: A Food Protective Mechanism in Social Hymenoptera
The previously suggested protection from microbial attack of ripening nectar by the addition of glucose oxidase by the common honey bee, Apis mellifera L., has been found to occur in 9 other eusocial Hymenoptera from 3 superfamilies. The antibacterial effect results from the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide produced by the enzyme during ripening of the stores
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Concurrence of the Acarapis Species Complex (Acari: Tarsonemidae) in a Commercial HoneyBee Apiary in the Pacific Northwest
An examination of a commercial honey-bee apiary for the Acarcapis species complex revealed the following: queens were essentially free from Acarapis parasitism: colonies were more frequently
infested with A. dorsaiis and A. woodi than A. externus: individual worker-bee hosts were
rarely parasitized by more than one Acarapis species. Observed sex ratios for all three mite species.
under the conditions of the relatively low infestation rate observed in this study, favored females
over males.Keywords: Honey Bees, Acarapis Species Comple
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Drone Engorgement in Honey Bee Swarms
Male Apis mellifera L. (drones) accompanying reproductive swarms were analyzed for honey stomach contents to determine if they engorge honey prior to or during swarming. No evidence for engorgement was found. A diurnal feeding rhythm in drones was observed in non swarming colonies.Keywords: Honey bees, Drone Engorgement, Swarm
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Cesium-134 and Cesium-137 in Honey Bees and Cheese Samples Collected in the U.S. After the Chernobyl Accident
As a result of the Chernobyl accident on April 25, 1986. possible radioactive contamination
of honey bees and cheese sampled in several areas of the United States were measured. Of
bees collected in May and June of 1986 in both Oregon and New York, only those from Oregon
showed detectable levels of cesium-134 (T1/2 2.05 years), a radionuclide which would have
originated from the Chernobyl incident. Cheese produced in Oregon and New York before the
accident showed only cesium-137 (Tip 30.23 years) but cheese produced afterwards (May and
September, 1986) in Oregon contained cesium-134. Cheese produced in Ohio and California at
the time of the accident and thereafter contained only cesium-137. In general, the levels of
radioactivity were higher in the West coast samples as compared to those taken in the East.
The levels of radioactivity detected were considered to be toxicologically of no consequence.Keywords: Radioactive Contamination, Cheese, Honey Bee
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Number of Adult Honey Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Occupying a Comb: A Standard for Estimating Colony Populations
A quantification of the number of adult worker Apis meltifera L. found on
combs of standard sizes at full holding capacity is reported. Estimating the holding capacity
of combs can assist in evaluating honey-bee colonies for pollination capabilities and also for
honey-production potentialsThis article is the copyright property of the Entomological Society of America and may not be used for any commercial or other private purpose without specific written permission of the Entomological Society of America.Keywords: Colony Population, Hymenoptera: Apidae, Honey Bee
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Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids: Their Occurrence in Honey from Tansy Ragwort (Senecio jacobaea L.)
The hepatotoxic alkaloids known to occur in tansy ragwort (Senecio jacobaea L.) are also present in honey produced from the nectar of this species. These alkaloids, which include senecionine, seneciphvlline, jacoline, jaconine, jacobine, and jacozine, are potentially carcinogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic and may pose health hazards to the human consumer
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Controlled Release Fumigation of the Greater Wax Moth
Polyethylene film controlled release packets utilizing ethylene dibromide (EDB) and pdichlorobenzene
(PDB) were designed and tested against late instar larvae of Galleria mellonella
(L.). EDB controlled release packets gave 100% control of larvae in 48 h under
experimental conditions at 26.6° and 32.3°C. PDB controlled release packets gave 13.3 and
17.2% control of larvae in 96 h under similar temperature regimes.
Permeation constants for the EDB and PDB controlled release systems were derived from
experimental rates observed in 4 and 6 mil polyethylene dispenser packets at temperatures of
l0.0°-35.0°C.Keywords: Fumigation, Greater Wax Mot
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Recovery of Penncap-M from Foraging Honey Bees and Pollen Storage Cells
Foraging honey bees (Apis mellifera L.), exposed to birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) bloom treated with microencapsulated methyl parathion, continued to display pollen and midgut microcapsule contamination up to 9 days postspray. Nearly 10% of all pollen storage cells examined in combs taken from honey bee colonies exposed to the treated area were found to contain microcapsules
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Infestation of Tracheal Mites (Acari: Tarsonemidae) in Feral and Managed Colonies of Honey Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
This is Oregon Agricultural Station Technical Paper No. 9890.We tested a population dynamics model that predicts that swarming of honey bees, Apis mellifera L., is a regulatory process of tracheal mites, Acarapis woodi (Rennie), parasitism. If the model is correct, then feral colonies that are free to swarm should have fewer numbers of infested worker bees, infested workers should have fewer numbers of mites, and fewer feral colonies should be infested than colonies in beeyards that are prevented from swarming by beekeeping techniques. We found that this situation occurred in the Willamette Valley, OR
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Behavioral responses underpinning resistance and susceptibility of honeybees to Tropilaelaps mercedesae
Behavioral responses of Apis cerana, Apis dorsata, and Apis mellifera to the ectoparasitic mite, Tropilaelaps mercedesae, were compared using two laboratory bioassays: cohorts of 50 caged worker bees and individual-caged worker bees, all of unknown ages. For the group bioassays, ten T. mercedesae were placed on the bodies of bees in each cohort. After 6 h, nearly 2/3 of the mites placed on A. cerana had fallen from the bees onto sticky traps that were placed under the cages, compared to only about 1/3 for A. dorsata and A. mellifera. The majority of fallen mites fell within 24 h from A. cerana (93.3 ± 2.3%), 36 h from A. dorsata (92.2 ± 1.9%), and 48 h from A. mellifera (91.3 ± 1.4%). Higher proportions of injured mites were observed among the mites that fell from A. cerana (38.3 ± 12.9%) and A. dorsata (33.9 ± 17.4%) than among those that fell from A. mellifera (19.5 ± 7.2%). The rapid fall of mites from the bodies of A. cerana may be due to a combination of auto-grooming and rapid body shaking of the bees. In individual bee assays, where individual bees were challenged with one female T. mercedesae, A. cerana and A. dorsata exhibited faster behavioral responses to the presence of mites than did A. mellifera (39.4 ± 13.2, 44.9 ± 19.2, and 188.4 ± 63.9 s, respectively). Phoretic T. mercedesae were mostly observed attaching to the propodeum/petiole region of all three bee species, although some mites also occupied the wing base area of A. dorsata and A. mellifera.Keywords: Apis mellifera, Apis cerana, grooming behavior, Tropilaelaps mercedesae, Apis dorsataKeywords: Apis mellifera, Apis cerana, grooming behavior, Tropilaelaps mercedesae, Apis dorsat