Proposed physiotherapeutic procedure in the treatment of breast cancer

Breast cancer is a global problem, causes many deaths worldwide, and the emergence of disability resulting from treatment. Physiotherapy is a 24/7 process. It is very often limited to just a few minutes of exercise a day, which is not enough. The aim of the work is to propose physiotherapeutic treatment in women after radical mastectomy and to present diagnostic problems caused by SARS-CoV-2 pandemics, which negatively affect cancer prevention

Physical activity after breast cancer - conditions for practicing sports

Physical activity is a vital part of your lifestyle. Reports on the positive effects of physical activity are widely discussed in the literature. However, there are also drawbacks to physical activity. One of the contraindications is neoplastic disease. Such reports pretend to reduce the activity in cancer patients. The aim of the work is to present a method of modifying physical activity in women after breast cancer treatment in order to consolidate the rehabilitation therapy and the prevention of treatment-related disorders. The paper proposes the procedure and conditions for the implementation of physical activity

Assessment of the quality of life in patients treated for colorectal cancer

Colorectal cancer is a common cause of death. The incidence of cancer increases every year, it is caused by better secondary prevention - screening and early stage cancer detection. The early stages of neoplasms enable the implementation of effective treatment. The method of treating colon cancer is radical treatment - surgery. The quality of life in patients with chronic diseases such as cancer is variable in each phase of the disease. The presented work aims to show the quality of life of patients on the day of admission to the hospital for the surgical treatment of colorectal cancer. The study used standardized QLQ-C30 forms with the extension of the CR29 module. Comprehensive assessment of the quality of life enables the presentation of the patient's condition before the procedure and is the starting point for the assessment of the patient after the procedure. The studies show that patients have the lowest assessment of the overall quality of life and emotional functioning. They judge physical and mental functioning well. Symptoms related to the disease, such as abdominal pain, significantly reduce the quality of life. The presented research shows that each time before the procedure, the patient should have the quality of life assessed in order to possibly further compare the changes in the subjective assessment of the quality of life. The research shows that patients diagnosed with cancer have a low quality of life assessment and preventive measures should be implemented in the form of consultations

Hierarchical Communication Diagrams

Formal modelling languages range from strictly textual ones like process algebra scripts to visual modelling languages based on hierarchical graphs like coloured Petri nets. Approaches equipped with visual modelling capabilities make developing process easier and help users to cope with more complex systems. Alvis is a modelling language that combines possibilities of formal models verification with flexibility and simplicity of practical programming languages. The paper deals with hierarchical communication diagrams - the visual layer of the Alvis modelling language. It provides all necessary information to model system structure with Alvis, to manipulate a model hierarchy and to understand a model semantics. All considered concepts are discussed using illustrative examples

The process of physiotherapy in patients treated for colorectal cancer

Breast cancer is a global problem, causes many deaths worldwide, and the emergence of disability resulting from treatment. Physiotherapy is a 24/7 process. It is very often limited to just a few minutes of exercise a day, which is not enough. The aim of the work is to propose physiotherapeutic treatment in women after radical mastectomy and to present diagnostic problems caused by SARS-CoV-2 pandemics, which negatively affect cancer prevention

Altered Lipid Metabolism in Blood Mononuclear Cells of Psoriatic Patients Indicates Differential Changes in Psoriasis Vulgaris and Psoriatic Arthritis

The aim of this study was to investigate possible stress-associated disturbances in lipid metabolism in mononuclear cells, mainly lymphocytes of patients with psoriasis vulgaris (Ps, n = 32) or with psoriatic arthritis (PsA, n = 16) in respect to the healthy volunteers (n = 16). The results showed disturbances in lipid metabolism of psoriatic patients reflected by different phospholipid profiles. The levels of non-enzymatic lipid metabolites associated with oxidative stress 8- isoprostaglandin F2α (8-isoPGF2α) and free 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) were higher in PsA, although levels of 4-HNE-His adducts were higher in Ps. In the case of the enzymatic metabolism of lipids, enhanced levels of endocannabinoids were observed in both forms of psoriasis, while higher expression of their receptors and activities of phospholipases were detected only in Ps. Moreover, cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) activity was enhanced only in Ps, but cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) was enhanced both in Ps and PsA, generating higher levels of eicosanoids: prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), leukotriene B4 (LTB4), 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (13HODE), thromboxane B2 (TXB2). Surprisingly, some of major eicosanoids 15-d-PGJ2 (15-deoxy-∆12, 14- prostaglandin J2), 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE) were elevated in Ps and reduced in PsA. The results of our study revealed changes in lipid metabolism with enhancement of immune system- modulating mediators in psoriatic mononuclear cells. Evaluating further differential stress responses in Ps and PsA affecting lipid metabolism and immunity might be useful to improve the prevention and therapeutic treatments of psoriasis

Influence of Inhibition of COX-2-Dependent Lipid Metabolism on Regulation of UVB-Induced Keratinocytes Apoptosis by Cannabinoids

Inflammation and apoptosis are regulated by similar factors, including ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation and cannabinoids, which are metabolized by cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) into pro-apoptotic prostaglandin derivatives. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition by celecoxib on the apoptosis of keratinocytes modulated by UVB, anandamide (AEA) and cannabidiol (CBD). For this purpose, keratinocytes were non-treated/treated with celecoxib and/or with UVB and CBD and AEA. Apoptosis was evaluated using microscopy, gene expressions using quantitate reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction ; prostaglandins using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and cyclooxygenase activity using spectrophotometry. UVB enhances the percentage of apoptotic keratinocytes, which can be caused by the increased prostaglandin generation by cyclooxygenase-2, or/and induced cannabinoid receptor 1/2 (CB1/2) expression. AEA used alone intensifies apoptosis by affecting caspase expression, and in UVB-irradiated keratinocytes, cyclooxygenase-2 activity is increased, while CBD acts as a cytoprotective when used with or without UVB. After COX-2 inhibition, UVB-induced changes are partially ameliorated, when anandamide becomes an anti-apoptotic agent. It can be caused by observed reduced generation of anandamide pro-apoptotic derivative prostaglandin-ethanolamide by COX. Therefore, products of cyclooxygenase-dependent lipid metabolism seem to play an important role in the modulation of UVB-induced apoptosis by cannabinoids, which is particularly significant in case of AEA as inhibition of cyclooxygenase reduces the generation of pro-apoptotic lipid mediators and thus prevents apoptosis

Quantitative anatomy of the growing supraspinatus muscle in the human fetus

The supraspinatus muscle, one of the four rotator cuff muscles, initiates abduction of the arm, simultaneously stretching the articular capsule at the glenohumeral joint, and also contributes to exorotation of the arm. In the present study we aimed to evaluate the age-specific normative values for morphometric parameters of the supraspinatus muscle in human fetuses at varying ages and to elaborate their growth models. Using anatomical dissection, digital  image analysis (NIS Elements AR 3.0) and statistics (Student’s t-test, regression analysis), the length, width, circumference and projection surface area of the supraspinatus muscle were measured in 34 human fetuses of both sexes (16♂, 18♀) aged 18–30 weeks of gestation. Neither sex nor laterality differences were found in numerical data of the supraspinatus muscle. In the supraspinatus muscle its length and projection surface area increased logarithmically, while its width and circumference grew proportionately to gestational age. The following growth models of the supraspinatus muscle were established: y = –71.382 + 30.972 × ln(Age) ± 0.565 for length, y = –2.988 + 0.386 × Age ± 0.168 for greatest width (perpendicular to superior angle of scapula), y = –1.899 + 0.240 × Age ± 0.078 for width perpendicular to the scapular notch, y = –19.7016 + 3.381 × Age ± 2.036 for circumference, and y = –721.769 + 266.141 × ln(Age) ± 6.170 for projection surface area. The supraspinatus muscle reveals neither sex nor laterality differences in its size. The supraspinatus muscle grows logarithmically with reference to its length and projection surface area, and proportionately with respect to its width and circumference

Benefits and inconveniences of the practical implementation of Environmental Life Cycle Costing

Environmental Life Cycle Costing (ELCC) combines life cycle analysis and cost systems applied by managers in order to assess the limitations of environmental production systems. It enables the evaluation of progress in implementing sustainable development by determining the social costs of resource consumption and environmental degradation. This study presents the results of empirical research covering production enterprises with foreign equity participation operating in Poland which have the basic ELCC model in place. The research is aimed to identify the benefits and inconveniences arising from the practical application of the model as a significant factor determining its functioning in entities. The research methodology was supplemented by numerous literature items, analysis of survey questionnaires, as well as deduction and induction methods